Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis.
| No. | First author (Publication Year) | Blind assessment | Sample Size | Age (Years), Mean or range | Male (%) | Trial duration (weeks) | Diagnostic tools | Primary APs | Treatment (dose or paeoniae: glycyrrhizae) | Quality score | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wang (2013) | NR | 80 | 32.34 | 41 (51.25) | 12 | ICD-10 | Amisulpride | Ari (10–20 mg/d) | 3 | (30) |
| 2 | Li (2016) | NR | 183 | 27.34 | 0 | 8 | ICD-10 | Amisulpride | Ari (5 mg/d, 10 mg/d) | 3 | (31) |
| 3 | Li (2016) | NR | 78 | 31.95 | 0 | 12 | DSM-IV | Amisulpride | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (32) |
| 4 | Yang (2016) | NR | 60 | 36.40 | 29 (48.33) | 4 | ICD-10 | Amisulpride | Ari (10 mg/d) | 3 | (33) |
| 5 | Lin (2017) | NR | 60 | 35.00 | 60 (100.00) | 8 | CCMD-III | Amisulpride | Ari (10–15 mg/d) | 3 | (34) |
| 6 | Yang (2017) | Double | 41 | 28.48 | 0 | 8 | ICD-10 | Amisulpride | PGD (60:30) | 5 | (35) |
| 7 | Sha (2017) | NR | 62 | 42.89 | 62 (100.00) | 8 | ICD-10 | Amisulpride | Ari (2.5 mg/d) | 2 | (36) |
| 8 | Jin (2008) | Single | 130 | 25.00 | 0 | 6 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (37) |
| 9 | Liu (2011) | NR | 86 | 36.30 | 46 (53.49) | 4 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d, 10 mg/d) | 2 | (38) |
| 10 | Xia (2011) | NR | 150 | 38.50 | 82 (60.14) | 24 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Metformin (1500 mg/d) | 3 | (39) |
| 11 | Sun (2012) | NR | 34 | 34.95 | 0 | 6 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (40) |
| 12 | Xue (2012) | Single | 68 | 42.40 | 68 (100.00) | 6 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 2 | (41) |
| 13 | Zhu (2012) | Single | 65 | 32.89 | 0 | 8 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (42) |
| 14 | Zhou (2012) | Single | 60 | 34.20 | 0 | 12 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (10 mg/d) | 3 | (43) |
| 15 | Lee (2013) | Double | 35 | 50.74 | 26 (74.28) | 24 | DSM-IV | Risperidone | Ari (10 mg/d) | 3 | (44) |
| 16 | Chen (2013) | Single | 76 | 31.00 | 0 | 6 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (45) |
| 17 | Zhang (2013) | NR | 88 | 36.30 | 42 (47.73) | 4 | ICD-10 | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (46) |
| 18 | Zhou (2013) | NR | 100 | 18–40 | 0 | 24 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (47) |
| 19 | Zhou (2014) | Double | 170 | 28.02 | 94 (55.29) | 20 | ICD-10 | Risperidone | Metformin (750 mg/d) | 3 | (48) |
| 20 | Shen (2014) | NR | 74 | 30.20 | 74 (100.00) | 9 | ICD-10 | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (49) |
| 21 | Wang (2014) | NR | 58 | 39.91 | NR | 8 | DSM-IV | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (50) |
| 22 | Chen (2015) | NR | 107 | 55.42 | 0 | 12 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (51) |
| 23 | Chen (2015) | Double | 119 | 33.57 | 58 (48.74) | 8 | DSM-IV | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d, 10 mg/d, 20 mg/d) | 5 | (52) |
| 24 | Xie (2015) | NR | 120 | 18–45 | 0 | 12 | ICD-10 | Risperidone | PGD (30:15, 30:30) | 2 | (53) |
| 25 | Wen (2016) | NR | 200 | 33.90 | 0 | 4 | NR | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d, 10 mg/d, 15 mg/d) | 3 | (54) |
| 26 | Pan (2018) | NR | 90 | 47.60 | 51 (56.67) | 8 | ICD-10 | Amisulpride | Metformin (0.5g/d). Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (55) |
| 27 | Zhang (2018) | Double | 58 | 33.78 | 58 (100) | 8 | DSM-IV | Risperidone | Ari (5 mg/d, 10 mg/d, 20 mg/d) | 4 | (56) |
| 28 | Chen (2012) | NR | 90 | 18–55 | 0 | 8 | CCMD-III | Olanzapine | Ari (10 mg/d) | 2 | (57) |
| 29 | Gu (2016) | NR | 120 | 30.18 | 53 (44.17) | 8 | ICD-10 | Olanzapine | PGD (15:15) | 3 | (58) |
| 30 | Lai (2018) | NR | 136 | 29.20 | 79 (58.09) | 8 | CCMD-III | Olanzapine | Ari (10–30 mg/d) | 2 | (59) |
| 31 | Ping (2018) | NR | 80 | 27.09 | 44 (55.00) | 12 | ICD-10 | Olanzapine | Ari (5 mg/d) | 2 | (60) |
| 32 | Chang (2008) | Double | 62 | 32.43 | 48 (77.42) | 8 | DSM-IV | Clozapine | Ari (5–30 mg/d) | 5 | (61) |
| 33 | Xu (2015) | Open label | 100 | 27.03 | 0 | 8 | ICD-10 | Paliperidone | Ari (10 mg/d) | 1 | (62) |
| 34 | Ren (2011) | Open label | 72 | 18–60 | NR | 8 | ICD-9 | Sulpiride | Ari (10–30 mg/d) | 3 | (63) |
| 35 | Sun (2011) | Open label | 56 | 37.00 | 0 | 12 | ICD-10 | Olanzapine | Ari (10 mg/d) | 3 | (64) |
| 36 | Liang (2014) | Double | 41 | 30.45 | 15 (36.59) | 4 | DSM-IV | Paliperidone | Ari (10 mg/d) | 5 | (65) |
| 37 | Huang (2014) | Open label | 68 | 34.60 | 44 (64.71) | 8 | ICD-10 | Paliperidone | Ari (5 mg/d) | 2 | (66) |
| 38 | Wu (2013) | Open label | 63 | 65.40 | 40 (63.50) | 12 | ICD-10 | Multiple AP | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (67) |
| 39 | Sun (2015) | Open label | 52 | 69.30 | 31 (59.62) | 8 | ICD-10 | NR | Ari (5 mg/d) | 1 | (68) |
| 40 | Song (2009) | Single | 140 | 26.32 | 60 (42.86) | 6 | CCMD-III | Sulpiride | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (69) |
| 41 | Jin (2008) | Open label | 80 | 27.60 | 44 (52.50) | 6 | CCMD-IV | Chlorpromazine | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (37) |
| 42 | Zhang (2017) | Open label | 92 | 35.85 | 48 (52.17) | 12 | NR | Olanzapine | Ari10 mg/d | 3 | (70) |
| 43 | Zhang (2008) | Single | 60 | 25.54 | 25 (41.67) | 6 | CCMD-III | Perphenazine | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (71) |
| 44 | Li (2014) | Open label | 110 | 34.67 | 54 (49.09) | 4 | ICD-10 | Risperidone | Ari (10–30 mg/d) | 2 | (72) |
| 45 | Wang (2016) | Double | 86 | 35.50 | 0 | 8 | CCMD-III | Olanzapine | Ari (5–30 mg/d) | 3 | (73) |
| 46 | Wang (2015) | Open label | 70 | 36.78 | 37 (52.86) | 4 | ICD-10 | Multiple AP | Ari (2.5 mg/d) | 3 | (74) |
| 47 | Sheng (2016) | Open label | 40 | 32.02 | 0 | 8 | ICD-10 | SGAs | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (75) |
| 48 | Wang (2009) | Single | 60 | 33.75 | 0 | 6 | CCMD-III | Haloperidol | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (76) |
| 49 | Tang (2015) | Open label | 150 | 32.87 | NR | 12 | CCMD-III | Risperidone | Ari (5–10 mg/d) | 3 | (77) |
| 50 | Guo (2013) | Single | 86 | 29.84 | 0 | 12 | CCMD-III | Multiple AP | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (78) |
| 51 | Chen (2010) | Single | 60 | NR | 60 (100) | 8 | CCMD-III | Sulpiride | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (79) |
| 52 | Chen (2014) | Double | 116 | 34.04 | 54 (46.55) | 8 | ICD-10 | Risperidone | Ari (10–20 mg/d) | 3 | (80) |
| 53 | Chen (2007) | Open label | 61 | 35.73 | 61 (100.00) | 3 | CCMD-III | Sulpiride | Ari (10 mg/d) | 3 | (81) |
| 54 | Wang (2018) | NR | 60 | 35.55 | 0 | 6 | ICD-10 | Multiple AP | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (82) |
| 55 | Wang (2016) | Open label | 105 | 36.31 | 63 (60.58) | 24 | CCMD-III | Quetiapine + dietary | Metformin (500 mg/d) | 2 | (83) |
| 56 | Wu (2012) | Double | 84 | 26.40 | 0 | 26 | DSM-IV | Multiple AP | Metformin (1000 mg/d) | 5 | (10) |
| 57 | Yue (2016) | Open label | 70 | 32.00 | 33 (47.14) | 4 | DSM-V | NR | PGD (15:10) | 3 | (84) |
| 58 | Man (2016) | Double | 99 | 29.80 | 0 | 16 | ICD-10 | NR | PGD (45g/d) | 5 | (85) |
| 59 | Wang (2017) | Open label | 90 | 36.35 | 43 (47.8) | 8 | ICD-10 | Multiple AP | Ari (5 mg/d,10 mg/d) | 3 | (86) |
| 60 | Xu (2006) | Single | 60 | 24.00 | 0 | 6 | CCMD-III | Multiple AP | Ari (5 mg/d) | 3 | (87) |
| 61 | Shim (2007) | Double | 56 | 39.39 | 22 (40.74) | 8 | DSM-IV | Haloperidol | Ari (15–30 mg/d) | 4 | (88) |
| 62 | Kane (2009) | Double | 323 | 44.20 | 198 (62.30) | 16 | DSM-IV | Multiple AP | Ari (10–15 mg/d) | 4 | (89) |
NR, no report; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; CCMD-III, Chinese Mental Disorder Classification and Diagnosis, standard 3th edition; ICD-10, 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; Ari, aripiprazole; PGD, paeoniae-glycyrrhizae decoction; The quality of studies was evaluated by 5-item JADAD scale.