TABLE 3.
In vitro and in vivo studies on impact of nanoparticles on DNA methylation.
| Nanoparticles | Experiment model | Epigenetic effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs) | Human THP-1 monocytes | No observed results in global DNA methylation (5-mC) or DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) | Öner et al. (2016) |
| Hypomethylation of 1,127 genes, including STAT5A, JAK3-STAT6, VEGFA, NOTCH1, NOTCH4, NOSS, WNT5B, PRKCZ, SH2D2A, SFRP1, FGFR1, TF, NAP2K2, AKT1, MEIS1 | |||
| SiO2-NPs | Human HaCaT cells | Global DNA hypomethylation | Gong et al. (2010) |
| Dose-dependent decrease of the levels of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and methyl GpG binding protein 2 (MBD2) | |||
| TiO2-NPs | Human small airway epithelial cells | Demethylation of SINE B1 repetitive elements | Lu et al. (2015a) |
| Au-NPs | Intratracheal administration to BALB/c mice | No effect on global DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation | Tabish et al. (2017) |
| Promotor hypermethylation in Atm, Cdk, and Gsr genes in mouse lung tissue | |||
| Promotor hypomethylation in Gpx gene in mouse lung tissue | |||
| Ag-NPs | Human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells A549 | Global DNA hypermethylation | Blanco et al. (2016) |
| CuO-NPs | Male BALB/c mice | Global DNA hypermethylation | Lu et al. (2015b) |
| Reduced expression of DNA methyltrasferases, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and DNMT3b, and Tet1 |