Table 1.

Mendelian randomization estimates between self-reported physical activity and cardiovascular diseases.

Exposure	Self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity					Self-reported vigorous physical activity
Outcomes	Method	OR	95% CI	p-value	SNPs	Method	OR	95% CI	p-value	SNPs
Atrial fibrillation	IVW	1.13	0.79–1.6	0.508	9	IVW§	1.33	0.44–4.05	0.615	5
	MR-Egger	0.41	0.08–1.99	0.268	9	MR-Egger	0.00	0–13.36	0.177	5
	Weighted median	1.16	0.72–1.86	0.546	9	Weighted median	1.51	0.51–4.48	0.457	5
	MR-PRESSO	1.13	0.82–1.55	0.493	9	MR-PRESSO	1.33	0.44–4.05	0.641	5
Coronary artery disease	IVW	1.21	0.72–2.01	0.469	7†,‡	IVW	0.50	0.19–1.26	0.141	5
	MR-Egger	0.72	0.09–5.43	0.747	7†,‡	MR-Egger	0.55	0.18–1.73	0.308	5
	Weighted median	1.05	0.55–1.99	0.880	7†,‡	Weighted median	0.55	0.18–1.73	0.308	5
	MR-PRESSO	1.21	0.85–1.71	0.326	7†,‡	MR-PRESSO	0.50	0.27–0.9	0.084	5
Myocardial infarction	IVW	1.48	0.84–2.61	0.178	7†,‡	IVW	0.24	0.08–0.68	0.007	5
	MR-Egger	0.54	0–150.86	0.829	7†,‡	MR-Egger	0.04	0–271.79	0.467	5
	Weighted median	0.86	0.15–4.85	0.869	7†,‡	Weighted median	0.22	0.06–0.78	0.019	5
	MR-PRESSO	1.48	0.93–2.35	0.151	7†,‡	MR-PRESSO	0.24	0.12–0.47	0.014	5
Heart failure	IVW	0.89	0.6–1.31	0.543	9	IVW	1.57	0.71–3.45	0.263	5
	MR-Egger	0.47	0.09–2.38	0.360	9	MR-Egger	0.00	0.00–0.25	0.017	5
	Weighted median	1.10	0.64–1.87	0.738	9	Weighted median	2.24	0.74–6.77	0.151	5
	MR-PRESSO	0.89	0.62–1.27	0.532	9	MR-PRESSO	1.57	0.51–4.78	0.473	5
Ischemic stroke	IVW	1.14	0.69–1.89	0.606	8†	IVW	0.97	0.36–2.65	0.955	5
	MR-Egger	0.61	0.08–4.42	0.622	8†	MR-Egger	0.09	0.00–375.81	0.565	5
	Weighted median	1.01	0.54–1.9	0.977	8†	Weighted median	0.79	0.23–2.78	0.718	5
	MR-PRESSO	1.14	0.79–1.66	0.509	8†	MR-PRESSO	0.97	0.45–2.09	0.945	5
Large artery stroke	IVW	0.59	0.17–2.01	0.395	8†	IVW	4.47	0.37–54.03	0.238	5
	MR-Egger	0.07	0–34.44	0.396	8†	MR-Egger	32.94	0.00–10∧15	0.827	5
	Weighted median	0.47	0.09–2.51	0.374	8†	Weighted median	1.45	0.04–55.54	0.841	5
	MR-PRESSO	0.59	0.12–2.79	0.523	8†	MR-PRESSO	4.47	0.18–113.99	0.416	5
Cardioembolic stroke	IVW	1.68	0.64–4.41	0.289	8†	IVW	1.06	0.16–7.05	0.956	5
	MR-Egger	7.30	0.1–531.9	0.363	8†	MR-Egger	0.00	0.00–61073.42	0.372	5
	Weighted median	1.97	0.54–7.19	0.303	8†	Weighted median	0.53	0.05–5.94	0.605	5
	MR-PRESSO	1.68	0.58–4.92	0.373	8†	MR-PRESSO	1.06	0.1–10.86	0.966	5
Small vessel stroke	IVW	0.95	0.3–3.01	0.929	8†	IVW	4.16	0.41–42.13	0.228	5
	MR-Egger	0.60	0.01–60.23	0.828	8†	MR-Egger	0.00	0.00–18910.03	0.333	5
	Weighted median	0.85	0.19–3.87	0.832	8†	Weighted median	1.85	0.09–37.68	0.690	5
	MR-PRESSO	0.95	0.32–2.82	0.927	8†	MR-PRESSO	4.16	0.51–33.61	0.252	5

OR, odds ratio; CI confidence intervals; IVW, inverse-variance-weighted method; MR-PRESSO, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method; SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

^§The estimates were evaluated from a random-effects IVW method due to the presence of heterogeneity based on Cochran's Q.

^†rs3094622 was excluded because it was unavailable in the published GWASs and no good proxies (r² > 0.8) were found.

^‡rs429358 was excluded since it as associated with coronary artery disease in the PhenoScanner database.