Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of elite endurance and strength athletes and non-elite controls.
|
Participants attending a 3-KM run test (N = 1,388) |
Participants attending a 2-min push-up test (N = 577) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics |
Elite endurance athletes (≤780 s)
(N = 233) |
Controls (>780 s) (N = 1,155) | P-value | Elite strength athletes (≥54 times) (N = 78) |
Controls
(<54 times) (N = 499) |
P-value |
| Age (years) | 25.04 ± 3.64 | 25.21 ± 3.68 | 0.52 | 25.04 ± 3.75 | 25.22 ± 3.73 | 0.69 |
| (Range: min–max) | (19–34) | (18–34) | (19–33) | (19–34) | ||
| Height (cm) | 171.65 ± 5.61 | 172.21 ± 5.76 | 0.17 | 171.32 ± 5.53 | 172.18 ± 5.62 | 0.21 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.43 ± 9.23 | 73.58 ± 12.08 | <0.001 | 70.00 ± 9.61 | 72.70 ± 11.52 | 0.05 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.20 ± 2.75 | 24.77 ± 3.62 | <0.001 | 23.83 ± 3.07 | 24.49 ± 3.50 | 0.12 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.80 ± 0.13 | 1.87 ± 0.16 | <0.001 | 1.82 ± 0.13 | 1.85 ± 0.16 | 0.04 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.51 ± 6.97 | 83.10 ± 9.41 | <0.001 | 79.76 ± 7.73 | 82.30 ± 8.90 | 0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.07 ± 11.18 | 118.46 ± 12.30 | 0.006 | 116.36 ± 11.80 | 117.26 ± 11.85 | 0.53 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.94 ± 8.41 | 69.15 ± 9.40 | 0.07 | 66.25 ± 8.69 | 68.24 ± 8.73 | 0.06 |
| Blood test | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 0.94 ± 0.11 | 0.96 | 0.96 ± 0.12 | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 0.11 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167.14 ± 31.83 | 167.68 ± 32.10 | 0.81 | 171.49 ± 34.32 | 167.93 ± 33.12 | 0.38 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.55 ± 10.69 | 48.40 ± 9.72 | <0.001 | 52.63 ± 11.24 | 48.92 ± 9.19 | 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 98.40 ± 26.46 | 103.20 ± 28.77 | 0.01 | 103.90 ± 29.10 | 104.00 ± 30.38 | 0.97 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 86.51 ± 71.72 | 100.63 ± 76.39 | 0.009 | 93.35 ± 71.81 | 97.60 ± 67.10 | 0.60 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 91.36 ± 8.32 | 92.95 ± 10.02 | 0.02 | 93.42 ± 10.09 | 93.09 ± 8.84 | 0.76 |
| Current tobacco smoking | 87 [37.3] | 522 [45.2] | 0.02 | 37 [48.7] | 215 [43.1] | 0.35 |
| Exercise performance | ||||||
| 3-KM running (seconds) | 748.08 ± 31.71 | 880.12 ± 74.30 | <0.001 | 833.15 ± 82.75 | 869.84 ± 81.58 | <0.001 |
| 2-min push-ups (numbers)* | 49.95 ± 12.28 | 45.54 ± 10.04 | <0.001 | 61.14 ± 10.92 | 43.88 ± 8.33 | <0.001 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), and categorical variables as n [%].
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; KM, kilometer; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*
N = 577.