Table 3.
Quality in prognosis studies tool ratings (risk for bias ratings).
| First author | Year published | Retired vs. current athletes | Quality in prognosis studies-6 bias domains | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participation | Attrition | Prognostic factor measurement | Outcome measurement | Confounding | Statistical analysis/reporting | Overall | |||
| Stamm (80) | 2015 | Retired | High | N/A | High | High | High | Low | High |
| Stamm (81) | 2015 | Retired | High | N/A | High | High | High | Low | High |
| Schultz (82) | 2018 | Retired | High | N/A | High | High | High | Moderate | High |
| Kaufmann (83) | 2021 | Retired | High | N/A | High | High | High | Low | High |
| Alosco (92) | 2017 | Retired | High | N/A | Moderate | Low | High | Low | High |
| Montenigro (93) | 2017 | Retired | High | N/A | High | Low | High | Low | High |
| Alosco (94) | 2018 | Retired | High | N/A | High | Moderate | High | Moderate | High |
| Solomon (91) | 2016 | Retired | High | N/A | High | Low | High | Low | High |
| Roberts (71) | 2019 | Retired | High | N/A | Moderate | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Iverson (86) | 2020 | Retired | High | N/A | Moderate | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Iverson (85) | 2021 | Retired | High | N/A | Moderate | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Bryant (122) | 2020 | Current & Retired | High | N/A | Moderate | Low | High | High | High |
| Hunzinger (121) | 2021 | Current & Retired | High | N/A | Moderate | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Houck (90) | 2020 | Current | Moderate | N/A | High | Low | High | Low | High |
| Brett (84) | 2019 | Current | Low | N/A | High | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Caccese (87) | 2019 | Current | Low | N/A | High | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Caccese (123) | 2020 | Current | Moderate | N/A | High | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Caccese (88) | 2020 | Current | Low | N/A | High | Low | High | Moderate | High |
| Caccese (89) | 2020 | Current | High | N/A | High | Low | High | High | High |
| Caccese (124) | 2020 | Current | High | N/A | High | High | High | Moderate | High |
| Asken (111) | 2020 | Current | Low | N/A | High | Low | High | Low | High |
A customized guide for rating these articles is provided in the online supplement. All studies were rated as having an overall high risk for bias.