Diel periodicity of metabolic pathways and gene families in select genera. (A) Peak times for gene families in select KEGG pathways for nine genera. Circles indicate peak timing for KOfams with significant periodicity (FDR < 0.05), with circle size scaled by the number of KOfams peaking at a given time. Blue and yellow shading denote night and day periods, respectively. (B) Temporal abundance of nine gene families from pathways in (A). Haptophytes and ochrophytes from (A) are shown. Transcript abundances are min–max normalized. Lines connect the mean expression level across all identical sampling times (two replicates and 4 days). Vertical bars are standard error (n = 8). Blue and yellow shading denote night and day periods, respectively. Full protein names are psbU, photosystem II PsbU protein; psbQ, photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 3; petH, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase; acnB, aconitate hydratase 2; SDHD, succinate dehydrogenase membrane anchor subunit; MDH2, malate dehydrogenase; chlH, magnesium chelatase subunit H; rpsA, small subunit ribosomal protein S1; PSME3, proteasome activator subunit 3. Letters in parentheses next to the protein symbol indicate KEGG pathways: PS, Photosynthesis metabolism; TCA, TCA Cycle; N, Chl, Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; RP, Ribosomal protein; P, Proteasome.