Table 2.
Associations Between Poor Uncorrected Visual Acuity Status and Possible Risk Factors.
| Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Male | .73 | .57–.92 | .007 | .83 | .63–1.09 | .179 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Suburban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Urban | 1.87 | 1.47–2.37 | <.001 | 1.63 | 1.24–2.15 | <.001 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Cesarean | .66 | .50–.88 | .004 | .72 | .54–.96 | .025 |
| Unknown | 1.18 | .87–1.59 | .291 | 1.10 | .80–1.50 | .576 |
| Frequency of vigorous physical activity (times/week) | ||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1–4 | .68 | .52–.86 | .002 | .56 | .44–.80 | .001 |
| 4–7 | .63 | .43–.91 | .014 | .66 | .43–1.03 | .069 |
| Screen time (hours) | ||||||
| <1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1–2 | 1.44 | 1.06–1.96 | .021 | 1.56 | 1.19–2.04 | .001 |
| >=2 | 1.58 | 1.05–2.38 | .027 | 1.62 | 1.01–2.28 | .004 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Normal | 1.48 | 1.14–1.92 | .003 | 1.31 | .99–1.72 | .053 |
| High | 1.53 | 1.09–2.18 | .014 | 1.17 | .80–1.69 | .422 |
| Residence in school | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| No | .57 | .44–.74 | <.001 | .708 | .53–.94 | .016 |
| Attending an after-school tutorial program | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.86 | 1.44–2.40 | <.001 | 1.39 | 1.05–1.86 | .023 |
| Sleep duration daily(hours) | ||||||
| <7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 7–9 | 1.29 | 1.04–1.61 | .045 | 1.13 | .88–1.45 | .352 |
| >=9 | 1.30 | 1.02–1.66 | .032 | 1.51 | 1.09–2.10 | .024 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| No | .72 | .52–.99 | .048 | .98 | .69–1.39 | .895 |