Table 3.
Antimutagenic effects of Zanthoxylum schinifolium extracts against mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100, with or without the S9 mix.
| Treatment | Concentration (µg·plate−1) | − S9 | + S9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reversion 2 | Inhibition (%) 3 | Reversion | Inhibition (%) | ||
| Control 1 | 0 | 124 ± 7 | - | 146 ± 8 | - |
| 1 | 412 ± 13 | - | 437 ± 42 | - | |
| ZSF | 312.5 | 336 ± 6 | 26.4 b,c | 413 ± 25 | 8.2 d |
| 625 | 322 ± 32 | 31.2 b | 401 ± 40 | 12.4 d | |
| 1250 | 263 ± 28 | 51.7 a | 370 ± 23 | 23.0 c | |
| 2500 | 253 ± 32 | 55.2 a | 191 ± 38 | 84.5 b | |
| ZSP | 312.5 | 386 ± 20 | 9.0 d | 188 ± 25 | 85.6 b |
| 625 | 375 ± 34 | 12.8 d | 157 ± 7 | 96.2 a | |
| 1250 | 354 ± 8 | 20.1 c | 148 ± 11 | 99.3 a | |
| 2500 | 254 ± 34 | 54.9 a | 147 ± 2 | 99.7 a | |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. ZSF: Z. schinifolium fruit extract, ZSP: Z. schinifolium pericarp extract. 1 Control: 0: Number of spontaneous His+ Revertant colonies, 1: Number of indirect mutagen-induced (1 µg·plate−1 SA without the S9 mix, 1 µg·plate−1 BaP with the S9 mix) revertant colonies. 2 Number of revertant colonies. 3 Inhibition (%) = (Revertant colonies in control [mutagen] − Revertant colonies in sample)/(Revertant colonies in control (mutagen) − Spontaneous revertant colonies) × 100. a–d Within the column, means with different letters are significantly different (Duncan’s multiple range test, p < 0.05).