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. 2021 Sep 27;26(19):5863. doi: 10.3390/molecules26195863

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Preventive effects of isoflavones on vascular endothelial cells and adipocytes involved in metabolic syndrome. In adipocytes, daidzein blocks inflammation and suppresses fatty acid synthesis [97]. Genistein promotes lipid synthesis, lipid accumulation, and improves lipid metabolism [94,95,97]. Genistein promotes the induction of differentiation into brown adipocytes [95,97]. In vascular endothelial cells, daidzein and genistein enhance the activity of eNOS and block ROS production [104,106]. Genistein improves eNOS uncoupling due to oxidative stress. Genistein inhibits ox-LDL-induced vascular inflammation [107]. Abbreviations: MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IL-6, interleukin-6; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein.