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In aqueous solution pencillin is hydrolyzed (black arrows) to penicilloic acid (33), which rearranges into penillic acid (34). Catalyzed by mercury ions 34 is converted into penillamine (35), or catalyzed by barium sulfate (red arrows) isomerize into isopenicillic acid (36) by a retro Hetero-Michael addition [47,48].
