Table 2.
Change in the values of the main biomarkers between the beginning (point 1) and end (point 2) of the trial in patients who received probiotics (PRO group) and those who did not (CON group)
| Group | PRO group (n = 99) | CON group (n = 101) | p** | p** | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker | 1 | 2 | p* | 1 | 2 | p* | 1 | 2 |
| Lung lesion volume, % | 50 [50–75] | 50 [50–75] | 0.453 | 50 [50–75] | 50 [50–75] | 0.547 | 0.393 | 0.570 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 66 [24–116] | 3 [1–5] | < 0.001 | 58 [28–108] | 3 [1–5] | < 0.001 | 0.784 | 0.680 |
| White blood cells, 109/L | 5.5 [4.0–7.7] | 8.2 [6.7–10.0] | < 0.001 | 6.1 [4.6–9.7] | 8.6 [6.3–11.9] | < 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.210 |
| Neutrophils, 109/L | 4.1 [2.6–5.9] | 6.2 [4.2–7.4] | 0.002 | 4.6 [2.9–8.5] | 6.3 [4.5–9.5] | 0.019 | 0.053 | 0.231 |
| Lymphocytes, 109/L | 1.0 [0.7–1.4] | 1.4 [1.0–1.9] | < 0.001 | 1.0 [0.7–1.3] | 1.2 [0.9–1.8] | < 0.001 | 0.740 | 0.656 |
| Platelets, 109/L | 226 [171–272] | 311 [250–392] | < 0.001 | 236 [168–316] | 316 [227–398] | 0.001 | 0.697 | 0.615 |
| ESR, mm/L | 25 [21–28] | 20 [14–25] | 0.001 | 24 [20–27] | 20 [14–24] | 0.001 | 0.446 | 0.903 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 96 [80–110] | 83 [76–94] | < 0.001 | 96 [84–109] | 83 [75–100] | < 0.001 | 0.632 | 0.752 |
| ALT, U/L | 30 [20–42] | 40 [32–64] | < 0.001 | 31 [22–46] | 37 [22–82] | < 0.001 | 0.367 | 0.516 |
| AST, U/L | 35 [29–49] | 36 [25–51] | 0.626 | 35 [28–48] | 43 [22–53] | 0.404 | 0.548 | 0.530 |
| Albumin, g/L | 41 [39–44] | 37 [31–43] | 0.450 | 41 [40–44] | 35 [30–37] | 0.221 | 0.230 | 0.270 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 9 [6–11] | 8 [6–10] | 0.605 | 10 [7–12] | 11 [9–14] | 0.579 | 0.386 | 0.051 |
| LDH, U/L | 541 [453–687] | 453 [392–564] | < 0.001 | 533 [410–698] | 441 [384–568] | < 0.001 | 0.578 | 0.538 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 442 [224–639] | 469 [347–793] | 0.617 | 436 [208–749] | 501 [211–779] | 0.067 | 0.923 | 0.593 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 6.0 [5.1–7.4] | 3.5 [2.8–3.9] | < 0.001 | 5.8 [4.7–7.4] | 3.5 [2.9–4.5] | < 0.001 | 0.283 | 0.376 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.5 [4.1–4.9] | 5.1 [4.5–5.5] | 0.037 | 4.4 [4.1–4.7] | 4.9 [4.6–5.4] | 0.034 | 0.433 | 0.849 |
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase
*Difference between the beginning (point 1) and end (point 2) of the trial within the groups
**Difference between groups at the beginning (point 1) and end (point 2) of the trial