TABLE 1.

Reasons for engaging clinicians in pragmatic clinical trial planning

Theme	Description	Sample quotes
Identifying the study question	Important to ask clinicians what problems they are trying to solve and identify common issues if studies are to have clinical relevance	What happens so often when you're taking care of patients, these questions come up all the time‐ Is this the right device? Is this the right dose? …
Designing the study	Clinicians can provide insight researchers might not be aware of	I think sometimes studies get designed sort of answering the question, but not really taking into consideration what are the factors… when you're taking care of patients…?
Understanding the population	Researchers need to be aware of issues related to the specific population such as relevance of the research topic, trust in research, and literacy	Yeah, people might come in with ideas that are so not even relevant to the population and you're thinking, my God there's all these other things we really need to address, like why this? And then it feels more like an imposition. There's a bunch of studies that come our way and a lot of them we end up not participating … it makes our patients feel bad when they can't answer the questions that we give them. Looking at it from our experience with patients …I think you would need someone to assist because there's a variety…in terms of the spectrum of literacy.
Customizing the protocol	Every clinic works differently; researchers need to learn about the constraints and not underestimate the degree of disruption that might be caused	I mean there are just things that other people don't think about like, oh they're just going to come in and talk to them for two minutes on pain. And then you're like, well, I only have two rooms. That's going to kill my day. Just come and talk to us in the before, so that we can talk about these issues instead of just trying to do the implementation and assuming it's all going to work.
Clinician buy‐in	You cannot stop at getting buy‐in from administrators; clinicians need to believe in the importance of the study so they can translate that to patients and staff	Being able to have those conversations in really nuanced and sensitive ways and really believing it themselves in order to translate that back to patients would be‐‐that to me would be kind of the trigger on whether or not they will be effective or not.