Table 1.

Plasticizers and cellulose nanofibers as nanofillers (including their wt %) in most used TPS sources.

Starch Source	Plasticizer	Nanofiller	Wt %	Reference
NI	Glycerol	Cotton nanofibers	0.1–1	[116]
Cassava	Glycerol/Sorbitol (1:1)	Cellulose cassava bagasse nanofibers	5–20	[70]
Corn	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers (eucalyptus pulp)	2–15	[33]
	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers	2–12	[35]
	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers	1–30	[36]
	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers	5	[12]
	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers	10	[117]
	Glycerol	Cotton cellulose nanofibers	0.5–5	[118]
	Glycerol	Graphene oxide nanoplatelets, Cellulose nanofibers	1–5, 5–15	[119]
	Glycerol	Lignin cellulose nanofibers	5–15	[120]
Corn, cassava, sago	Glycerol, formaldehyde	Oil palm empty fruit bunches cellulose nanofibers	1–3	[121]
Maize	Sorbitol	Sugarcane bagasse cellulose Nanofibers	4–20	[77]
	Glycerol and sorbitol	Cotton nanofibers	5–20	[122]
	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers	5–15	[123]
Merck-modified starch	Glycerol	Rice straw cellulose nanofibers	5–15	[124]
Potato	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals	1–3	[37]
	Water/Glycerol	Sisal cellulose nanofibers	2.5–20	[62]
	Glycerol	Wheat straw cellulose nanofibers	2–10	[64]
	Glycerol	Pineapple leaf cellulose nanofibers	1–4	[52]
	D-Sorbitol	Cellulose nanofibers	5–20	[106]
	Glycerol	Bleached eucalyptus pulp cellulose nanofibers	0.18–0.36	[125]
Tapioca	Glycerol	Cellulose nanofibers	0.3–1.5	[81]
Waxy maize	Glycerol	Cellulosic nanofibers	2–10	[73]

NI: No information reported.