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. 2021 Sep 28;21(19):6469. doi: 10.3390/s21196469

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Ultrafast laser-written Raman probe with one delivery optical fibre and six collector optical fibres. The fibre endcap (made up of two pieces) has been made utilising a combination of femtosecond laser-writing and chemical etching (image adapted from [129]). (b) Fs laser-ablated fibre based on a D-shape for enhanced SERS probes (adapted with permission from [131] © The Optical Society). (c) Probe for alveolar pH sensing. It contains a dual-core optical fibre for spatially separating the pump delivery and signal collection, gold nanoshells deposited on the end-face for SERS, and a fused silica endcap to provide robustness (adapted with permission from [130] © The Optical Society).