Table 2:

Pathways Sub Organized by Midpoint

	Sleep Variable
	Number of Metabolites	Bedtime	Waketime	Sleep Duration	Sleep Midpoint
Pathway Group		P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value
Gamma-glutamyl amino acid	11	0.02	0.0008	0.14	0.0004
Phenylalanine & tyrosine metabolism	27	0.02	0.0072	0.58	0.0017
Glutamate metabolism	6	0.22	0.0023	0.03	0.0058
Dipeptide	9	0.06	0.01	0.40	0.0076
Pyrimidine metabolism group	12	0.06	0.04	0.89	0.01
Krebs cycle / TCA cycle	6	0.08	0.03	0.77	0.02
Methionine, cysteine, SAM and taurine metabolism	14	0.26	0.01	0.32	0.02
Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism group	7	0.37	0.01	0.26	0.02
Lysolipid	31	0.19	0.02	0.21	0.02
Others	56	0.10	0.03	0.87	0.02
Tocopherol metabolism	6	0.02	0.12	0.89	0.02
Tryptophan metabolism group	18	0.07	0.10	0.90	0.03
Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism	30	0.26	0.04	0.66	0.03
Fatty acid group	15	0.10	0.04	0.20	0.04
Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism	8	0.27	0.05	0.69	0.04
Long chain fatty acid; polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3 and n6)	16	0.32	0.03	0.23	0.05
Fatty acid, monohydroxy	13	0.33	0.05	0.66	0.06
Drug	5	0.35	0.08	0.44	0.08
Benzoate metabolism	15	0.79	0.03	0.15	0.09
Lysine metabolism	10	0.11	0.13	0.16	0.10
Monoacylglycerol	10	0.08	0.13	0.21	0.11
Pentose metabolism	9	0.46	0.20	0.65	0.16
Purine metabolism	17	0.28	0.18	0.58	0.16
Food component/plant	27	0.13	0.38	0.59	0.18
Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism	10	0.62	0.05	0.05	0.19
Long chain fatty acid	15	0.42	0.19	0.41	0.19
Sterol/steroid	35	0.30	0.34	0.73	0.21
Xanthine metabolism	12	0.02	0.78	0.06	0.23
Chemical	15	0.47	0.42	0.77	0.29
Fatty acid, dicarboxylate	13	0.53	0.27	0.40	0.30
Urea cycle group	13	0.28	0.53	0.69	0.33
Carnitine metabolism group	12	0.56	0.38	0.44	0.40
Fructose, mannose, galactose, starch, and sucrose metabolism	7	0.67	0.44	0.66	0.55
Primary bile acid metabolism	6	0.69	0.34	0.15	0.66
Medium chain fatty acid group	9	0.48	0.73	0.66	0.70
Sphingolipid metabolism	10	0.63	0.87	0.98	0.70
Histidine metabolism	7	0.57	0.88	0.44	0.77
Secondary bile acid metabolism	12	0.37	0.91	0.40	0.89

¹The P-value was calculated using Fisher’s method to combined p-values of individual metabolite associations from linear random effect models adjusted for age, sex, race, sodium level, dietary pattern and visit.

Pathways are based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

The reported pathway-level values combine metabolite-level values obtained from adjusted random effects models.

The Bonferroni-corrected significance for the 38 pathways was 0.05/38 = 0.0013.