AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Akt	Protein kinase B
Atg5	Autophagy Related 5
ATF6	Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Aβ	Amyloid beta
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
ARE	Antioxidant response element
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMSCs	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
CAMs	Cell adhesion molecules
CAT	Catalase
Cdk5	Cyclin dependent kinase 5
Col1	Collagen type 1
Cyt	Cytochrome
DM	Diabetes mellitus
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
Egr1	Early growth response 1
ERK	Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
Gli1	Homolog1
GRP78	Glucose-regulated protein
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GSH	Glutathione
GSK-3β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3β
GSSG	Glutathione disulfide
HEK-293T	Human embryonic kidney cells
HIBI	Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IL	Interleukin
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
LPO	Lipid peroxidation
LPS	Lipopolysaccharides
MALAT1	Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCAO	Middle cerebral artery occlusion
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MIF	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
MMP	Mitochondrial membrane potential
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
nAChRs	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
NDDs	Neurodegenerative diseases
mPTP	Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
Ngb	Neuroglobin
NO	Nitric oxide
Nrf2	Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2
NQO-1	NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1
OGD	Oxygen-glucose deprivation
Ptch1	Patched-1
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PD-MC	Polydatin-loaded micelle
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
PLGA	Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCI	Spinal cord injury
SD	Sprague–Dawley
SGLT1	Sodium-dependent glucose transporter
Sirt1	Sirtuin 1
SMNs	Spinal motor neurons
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TBI	Traumatic brain injury
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TIMP-1	Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor α
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
4-HNE	4-Hydroxynonenal
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine