Table 1.
Studies included in the systematic review assessing sleep and hypertension
| Source | Study design | Subjects | Age range/mean | Sleep parameter | Outcome variables | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anujo (2016) | Cross-sectional | 23 Dutch, Moroccans, Turkish, African Surinamese and Ghanaians | 5.0–6.0 | Sleep duration: Parent report | Blood pressure | Significant association between sleep and blood pressure only in African Surinamese |
| Carson (2016) | Cross-sectional | 4169 Canadian | Mean age = 12.4 | Sleep duration: Parent and child self-report | Blood pressure | Time spent in sleep relative to other movements negatively associated with systolic blood pressure |
| De Bernardi Rodrigues | Cross-sectional | 615 Brazilian | 10–19 Mean age = 15.9 | Sleep duration (h/day): Child self-report | Blood pressure | In normal weight adolescents, sleep deprivation associated with higher blood pressure |
| Derks (2017) | Longitudinal | 5161 Indigenous Australians | Mean age = 6.1 | Sleep duration: Parent report | Blood pressure | Sleep duration at 2 months negatively associated with systolic blood pressure; association no longer present at 6 years |
| Gonzaga (2016) | Cross-sectional | 135 Brazilian Overweight or Obese | 5–18 Mean age = 12.70 | Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index | Blood pressure | Sleep quality negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure |
| Morita (2017) | Cross-sectional | 102 Japanese | Mean age = 11.9 | Sleep duration: Child self-report | Blood pressure | No association between sleep and blood pressure |
| Navarro (2015) | Cross-sectional | 90 Obese | 7–16 Mean age = 11 | Sleep duration: Self-report on BEARS questionnaire | Blood pressure Pulse pressure Mean arterial pressure (MAP) | Short sleep associated with systolic BP, pulse pressure, and MAP |
| Paciencia (2016) | Longitudinal | 1403 Portugese | 13–17 | Sleep duration: Child self-report | Blood pressure | Longer sleep duration associated with higher SBP in females; Longer sleep duration associated with lower levels of SBP and DBP in males |
| Peach (2015) | Cross-sectional | 1364 European | Mean age = 12 | Day time sleepiness. Sleep duration: My Child’s Sleep Habits scale | Risk for hypertension (i.e. hypertension or prehypertension) | School night sleep negatively associated with risk for hypertension |