Table 1.
Various characteristics of nanofibrous delivery systems incorporated with insulin
| Type of polymer/material | Diameter of nanofiber (nm) | Applied cell type/animal | Main finding | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PuraMatrix™ | –a | Male Wistar rats | PGLmarkedly decreased and maintained up to 24 h via subcutaneous route | [37] |
| PVA-co-PE/CS | 100–600 | – | Nanofibers with the electrochemically controlled release system | [85] |
| PLGA/nHA-I | 520 | Osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) | Accelerate the cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the osteoblastic cells | [86] |
| PLGA | 432 ± 106 | Atrial fibroblasts/prague–Dawley rats | Supported accelerated wound healing and favored epithelial cell proliferation | [87] |
| FSP | 360 ± 37 | Caco-2 cells | Physically protect the degradation of insulin and increased transport crossing the cell monolayer | [88] |
| PVA/NaAlg | 300–400 | Induced diabetes Wistar rats | The composite nanofibers serve as an ideal carrier for the delivery of insulin via the sublingual route | [89] |
| CS/PEO | 200–2000 | 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells/ex-vivo porcine buccal mucosa | Nanofiber mats capable of delivering insulin via the buccal mucosa | [90] |
aNot available data in the article
PuraMatrix™ acetyl-(Arg-Ala-Asp-Ala)4-CONH2, PGL plasma glucose level, PVA poly (vinyl alcohol), PE poly(ethylene), CS Chitosan, PLGA/nHA-I poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/insulin-grafted hydroxyapatite nanorods, FSP fish sarcoplasmic protein, NaAlg sodium alginate, PEO poly(ethylene oxide)