Table 1.

Outline of phases of intervention development and relationship to processes followed in Intervention Mapping and the Behavior Change Wheel

Phase of Intervention Development	Intervention Mapping [13]	Behavior Change Wheel [9]
Phase 1 – Understand the behavior and specify the target for change	Step 1: Logic model of the problem • Establish and work with a planning group • Conduct a needs assessment • Describe the context for the intervention including the population, setting, and community • State program goals	Stage 1: Understand the behavior 1. Define the problem in behavioral terms 2. Select target behavior 3. Specify target behavior 4. Identify what needs to change
	Step 2: Program outcomes and objectives – logic model of change • State expected outcomes for behavior and environment • Specify performance objectives for behavioral and environmental outcomes • Select determinants for behavioral and environmental outcomes • Construct matrices of change objectives • Create a logic model of change
Phase 2 – Identify theoretical basis for proposed behavior change and select relevant behavior change techniques	Step 3: Program design • Generate program themes, components, scope, and sequence • Choose theory and evidence-based change methods • Select or design practical applications to deliver change methods	Stage 2: Identify intervention options 1. Intervention functions 2. Policy categories Stage 3: Identify content and implementation options 3. Behavior change techniques
Phase 3 – Identify mode of delivery, choose design principles to guide selection of intervention components, and develop the intervention.	Step 4: Program production • Prepare plans for program materials • Draft messages, materials, and protocols • Pre-test, refine, and produce materials	Stage 3: Identify content and implementation options 4. Mode of delivery
Phase 4 – Assess the fidelity of intervention delivery	Step 5: Program implementation plan • Identify potential program users • State outcomes and performance objectives for program use • Construct matrices of change objectives for program use • Design implementation interventions	N/A
Phase 5 – Assess intervention efficacy and test mediators and moderators of the outcome.	Step 6: Evaluation plan • Write effect and process evaluation questions • Develop indicators and measures for assessment • Specify the evaluation design • Complete the evaluation plan	N/A