Fig. 4.
Early recognition of cardiac surgery-associated AKI in patients in whom all biomarkers were measured (n = 59). Legend: The accuracy for the prediction or the detection of stage ≥1 cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) was assessed via the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC [95% confidence interval]). Twenty-six patients (44%) developed CS-AKI (mostly stage 1 CS-AKI, only 2 patients developing stage 2–3). CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; ∆: change in biomarker concentration; TIMP2 IGFBP7: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 – insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7; pCr: plasma creatinine; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin