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. 2021 Oct 13;18:230. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02284-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Glycogen mobilization suppresses A1-like astrocyte formation and accelerates A2-like astrocyte formation during MCAO/R. a Verification of successful generation of astrocyte-specific GP overexpression mice (KI-GP). Left panels: Representative images using immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against ALDH1L1 and GP in frontal cortex area 1 of the KI-GP mouse brain. The scale bars represent 20 μm. Right panels: Quantitative analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity of GP (n = 8). The relative fluorescence intensity was calculated by dividing the fluorescence intensity in the colocalization area by the fluorescence intensity in the ALDH1L1⁺ area. Astrocytes were marked with ALDH1L1. WT represents wild-type animals. b Left panel: Representative TTC-stained brain slices at 72 h following MCAO/R. The scale bars are 1 mm. Right panel: Quantitative analysis of the infarct volume in the left panel (n = 8). c Left panel: Coronal images of the cerebral ischemic penumbra following immunofluorescence analysis with antibodies against ALDH1L1 and C3 before (Pre) and after MCAO/R injury. The scale bars represent 20 μm. Right panel: Percentage of C3⁺ALDH1L1⁺ cells relative to ALDH1L1⁺ cells in the left panel (n = 8). d Left panel: Coronal images of the cerebral ischemic penumbra following immunofluorescence analysis with antibodies against ALDH1L1 and S100A10 before and after MCAO/R injury. The scale bars represent 20 μm. Right panel: Percentage of S100A10⁺ALDH1L1⁺ cells relative to ALDH1L1⁺ cells in the left panel (n = 8). **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Independent t test for a, b. Two-way ANOVA for c, d