Table 1.
The characteristics of participants
| Parameters | Marker selection | Training set | Test set | Independent validation set | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer (n = 24) | Cancer (n = 43) | Control (n = 67) | P value | Cancer (n = 42) | Control (n = 68) | P value | Cancer (n = 83) | Control (n = 98) | |
| Age, n (%) | 0.29 | 0.22 | |||||||
| ≥ 55 | 23 (96%) | 33 (77%) | 44 (66%) | 31 (74%) | 41 (60%) | 77 (92.8%) | 57 (58.2%) | ||
| 40–55 | 1 (4%) | 10 (23%) | 23 (34%) | 11 (26%) | 27 (40%) | 6 (7.2%) | 41 (41.8%) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.002 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Female | 6 (25%) | 7 (16%) | 31 (46%) | 14 (33%) | 23 (34%) | 32 (38.6%) | 52 (53.1%) | ||
| Male | 18 (75%) | 36 (84%) | 36 (54%) | 28 (67%) | 45 (66%) | 51 (61.4%) | 46 (46.9%) | ||
| Smoking history, n (%) | 0.02 | 0.44 | |||||||
| Smokers | 6 (25%) | 12 (28%) | 7 (10%) | 9 (21%) | 10 (15%) | 24 (28.9%) | 39 (39.8%) | ||
| Non-smokers | 18 (75%) | 31 (72%) | 60 (90%) | 33 (79%) | 58 (85%) | 52 (62.7%) | 59 (60.2%) | ||
| Unknown | 7 (8.4%) | ||||||||
| Alcohol history, n (%) | 1.00 | 0.10 | |||||||
| Drinkers | 0 | 4 (9%) | 7 (10%) | 3 (7%) | 13 (19%) | 14 (16.9%) | 48 (49.0%) | ||
| Non-drinkers | 24 (100%) | 39 (91%) | 60 (90%) | 39 (93%) | 55 (81%) | 59 (71.1%) | 50 (51.0%) | ||
| Unknown | 10 (12.0%) | ||||||||
| Pathological type | |||||||||
| ESCC, n (%) | 22 (92%) | 39 (91%) | 38 (90%) | 72 (86.7%) | |||||
| EAC, n (%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (9%) | 4 (10%) | 8 (9.6%) | |||||
| Others, n (%) | 3 (3.6%) | ||||||||
| Stage, n (%) | |||||||||
| Stage 0 | 4 (17%) | 3 (7%) | 2 (5%) | 10 (12.0%) | |||||
| Stage I | 13 (54%) | 9 (21%) | 8 (19%) | 14 (16.9%) | |||||
| Stage II | 4 (17%) | 11 (26%) | 13 (31%) | 27 (32.5%) | |||||
| Stage III | 2 (8%) | 12 (28%) | 7 (17%) | 14 (16.9%) | |||||
| Stage IV | 1 (4%) | 8 (19%) | 6 (14%) | 18 (21.7%) | |||||
| Unknown | |||||||||
| Healthy control, n (%) | 62 (93%) | 63 (93%) | 98 (100%) | ||||||
| Benign disease, n (%) | 5 (7%) | 5 (7%) | |||||||