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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Mar 26;118:119–128. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.011

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Staging in vitro models of the heart to in vivo heart development. A. Embryo undergoing gastrulation. Precardiac organoid models attempt to recapitulate this stage of development. B.-C. Cardiac crescent formation and merging to form the linear heart tube. Developmental cardiac organoids model this stage of development. D. Embryo undergoing rightward looping and chamber formation. Chamber cardiac organoids recapitulate this stage of development and microtissues offer insight into the cell type-cell type interactions between cardiomyocytes and stromal cells. E. Maturation of cardiomyocytes to promote adult heart function. Engineered heart tissues attempt to promote a more adult and in vivo-like state of cardiac tissues.