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. 2021 Oct 13;57(1):58–104. doi: 10.1007/s10853-021-06575-w

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

PMC Copyright notice

Influence of ultrasonic vibration on polymer molecular chain. a Entangled molecular chains in polymer solution without sonic vibration treatment, b entangled molecular chains in electrospun fiber without sonic vibration treatment, c molecular chains in polymer solution disentangled after sonic vibration treatment and d disentangled molecular chains in electrospun fiber with sonic vibration treatment [121].

Reproduced with permission from reference [121]. Copyright 2019, SAGE Publications Ltd