Table 2.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory failure enrolled into the APPS pilot trial, by assigned treatment and prone positioning status within 48 hours
| Assigned Treatment Group |
Prone Positioning Status |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care (n = 13) | APPS (n = 27) | Did Not Attempt (n = 27) | Did Attempt (n = 13) | |
| Median age at admission (IQR), yr | 60 (54–63) | 56 (45–66) | 61 (55–66) | 50 (45–57) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 3 (23) | 10 (37) | 7 (26) | 6 (46) |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 6 (46) | 16 (59) | 19 (70) | 3 (23) |
| White | 5 (38) | 9 (33) | 7 (26) | 7 (54) |
| Other | 2 (16) | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | 3 (23) |
| Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 3 (23) | 7 (26) | 4 (15) | 6 (46) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| None | 5 (19) | 2 (15) | 4 (15) | 3 (23) |
| Chronic lung disease | 3 (23) | 6 (22) | 8 (30) | 1 (8) |
| Chronic renal disease | 2 (15) | 7 (26) | 6 (22) | 3 (23) |
| Diabetes | 5 (38) | 10 (37) | 9 (33) | 6 (46) |
| Heart failure | 4 (31) | 5 (19) | 7 (26) | 2 (15) |
| Median BMI (IQR), kg/m2 | 31 (28–38) | 29 (26–39) | 31 (27–37) | 30 (27–42) |
| BMI >30 kg/m2, n (%) | 6 (46) | 14 (52) | 14 (52) | 6 (46) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | ||||
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 2 (7) | 0 (0) |
| Never | 7 (54) | 19 (70) | 15 (56) | 11 (85) |
| 1–5 cigarette pack-years | 1 (8) | 3 (11) | 2 (7) | 2 (15) |
| 6 or more cigarette pack-years | 5 (38) | 3 (11) | 8 (30) | 0 (0) |
| Median pneumonia severity index (IQR) | 81 (67–84) | 72 (57–95) | 79 (66–106) | 64 (45–80) |
| Median hours from presentation to eligibility (IQR) | 7 (2–26) | 4 (1–24) | 6 (2–37) | 4 (0–7) |
| Suspected COVID-19 at time of eligibility*, n (%) | 5 (39) | 10 (37) | 11 (41) | 4 (31) |
| Median oxygen saturation at baseline (IQR) | 93 (91–95) | 92 (89–94) | 93 (90–94) | 92 (90–93) |
| Oxygen support at baseline, n (%) | ||||
| Room air | 1 (8) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
| <4 L nasal cannula | 7 (54) | 15 (56) | 18 (67) | 4 (31) |
| 4–6 L nasal cannula | 3 (23) | 11 (41) | 5 (19) | 9 (69) |
| Medium flow nasal cannula | 2 (15) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) |
| Humidified high-flow nasal cannula | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Bilevel positive airway pressure | 0 | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
Definition of abbreviations: APPS = Awake Prone Positioning Strategy; BMI = body mass index; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; IQR = interquartile range.
*
COVID-19 testing ultimately negative (n = 8): by assigned treatment group (usual care [n = 2] vs. APPS [n = 6]); by prone positioning status (did not attempt [n = 7] vs. did attempt [n = 1]).