TABLE 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study participants1
| BMI-for-age SD scores | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 9951) | ≤1 SD (n = 6208) | >1 SD to ≤2 SD (n = 2005) | >2 SD (n = 1738) | P value | |
| Age, mo | 118.96 ± 7.43 | 119.12 ± 7.45 | 118.78 ± 7.43 | 118.57 ± 7.35 | 0.01 |
| Physical activity, d | 3.55 ± 2.31 | 3.68 ± 2.31 | 3.46 ± 2.29 | 3.20 ± 2.29 | <0.01 |
| Sex | <0.01 | ||||
| Male | 5197 (52.23) | 3178 (51.19) | 1047 (52.22) | 972 (55.93) | |
| Female | 4754 (47.77) | 3030 (48.81) | 958 (47.78) | 766 (44.07) | |
| Race | <0.01 | ||||
| Black | 1434 (14.41) | 674 (10.86) | 329 (16.41) | 431 (24.80) | |
| Other white | 1928 (19.37) | 1132 (18.23) | 407 (20.30) | 389 (22.38) | |
| White | 6589 (66.21) | 4402 (70.91) | 1269 (63.29) | 918 (52.82) | |
| Family income, $ | <0.01 | ||||
| ≤15,999 | 960 (9.45) | 425 (6.85) | 218 (10.87) | 317 (18.24) | |
| 16,000–34,999 | 1047 (10.52) | 524 (8.44) | 244 (12.17) | 279 (16.05) | |
| 35,000–49,999 | 838 (8.43) | 442 (7.12) | 208 (10.37) | 188 (10.82) | |
| 50,000–74,999 | 1388 (13.95) | 823 (13.26) | 287 (14.31) | 278 (16.00) | |
| 75,000–99,999 | 1458 (14.65) | 930 (14.98) | 297 (14.81) | 231 (13.29) | |
| 100,000–199,999 | 3087 (31.03) | 2167 (34.91) | 560 (27.93) | 360 (20.71) | |
| ≥200,000 | 1173 (11.79) | 897 (14.45) | 191 (9.53) | 85 (4.89) | |
| Parental education | <0.01 | ||||
| Less than high school | 507 (5.09) | 224 (3.61) | 120 (5.98) | 163 (9.38) | |
| High school | 941 (9.46) | 451 (7.26) | 192 (9.58) | 298 (17.15) | |
| Some college | 1602 (16.10) | 886 (14.27) | 368 (18.35) | 348 (20.02) | |
| College degree | 4215 (42.36) | 2745 (44.22) | 820 (40.90) | 650 (37.40) | |
| Graduate degree | 2686 (26.99) | 1902 (30.64) | 505 (25.19) | 279 (16.05) | |
| Sleep disturbances total score | 36.47 ± 8.04 | 35.97 ± 7.39 | 37.17 ± 9.09 | 37.47 ± 8.82 | <0.01 |
| Total cognition score | 101.34 ± 17.80 | 103.20 ± 17.74 | 99.87 ± 17.46 | 96.40 ± 17.28 | <0.01 |
| Fluid cognition score | 96.24 ± 17.27 | 97.72 ± 17.23 | 95.10 ± 17.04 | 92.25 ± 16.96 | <0.01 |
| Crystallized cognition score | 106.46 ± 18.24 | 108.07 ± 18.40 | 105.14 ± 17.85 | 102.22 ± 17.25 | <0.01 |
1
Values are mean ± SD or n (%) unless indicated otherwise. P values are for any difference across race (white, African American, and other races) using ANOVA or chi-square test, as appropriate.