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. 2021 Sep 29;15:743561. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2021.743561

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A 3D reconstruction of the human auditory brainstem. Images (A) through (C) show 3D volume renderings of nuclei and tracts of the human auditory brainstem. Image (A) shows a rostral to caudal view (from midbrain down to the medulla) and (B) shows a caudal to rostral view (from medulla up to midbrain). Image (C) shows a posterior view (viewed from posterior to anterior). In (A) and (B), the contour of the brainstem is indicated in gray. A key to the colors and nuclei/tracts is shown in figure (C). The CN and SOC nuclei are limited to the rostral medulla and caudal pons. The LL extends from the caudal pons to the CNIC. Figure (D) shows examples of ABR, ASR, and distortion product DPOAE recordings juxtaposed to the levels of the auditory pathway they measure. Numbers in roman numerals indicate specific waves of the ABR. ABR waves I and II correspond to the AN and CN, wave III corresponds to the SOC. Waves IV and V correspond to the LL and CNIC respectively. Abbreviations: R, rostral; C, caudal; P, posterior; A, anterior; DPOAE, distortion product otoacoustic emission.