. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Exp Child Psychol. 2021 Mar 27;208:105127. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105127

Table 2.

Bilingual Characteristics in Year 1

	n = 33
	Mean (SD)
Age of first Spanish Exposure (months)^a	61.55 (8.67)
Amount of time in DLI (years)^b	4.14 (1.09)
Dominant Language^c	English: 97%, Both: 3%
English Exposure (%)^d	75.34 (10.97)
Spanish Exposure (%)^e	24.66 (10.97)
TVIP Score (Raw)	80.79 (10.78)

Parent report: age when child started hearing Spanish.

Parent report: age when child started dual-language immersion program.

Parent report: child’s dominant language.

[(Hours of English heard on a weekday × 5 days per week) + (Hours of English heard on Sat. & Sun.)] / (Hours child is awake per week)

100 – percent of English exposure