Table 6. Factors associated with each domain of WHOQOL-BREF among the study participants in multivariable logistic regression analysis.
| Physical | Psychological | Social | Environmental | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | Adj OR | 95% CI | |
| Age | ||||||||
| <26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 26–30 | 0.72 | 0.44–1.19 | 0.95 | 0.62–1.45 | 0.93 | 0.64–1.33 | 1.18 | 0.82–1.68 |
| 31–35 | 0.60 | 0.35–1.05 | 1.03 | 0.65–1.66 | 1.05 | 0.69–1.59 | 0.86 | 0.58–1.28 |
| 36–40 | 0.89 | 0.49–1.65 | 1.02 | 0.63–1.66 | 1.39 | 0.69–1.59 | 1.28 | 0.68–1.69 |
| 41–45 | 0.63 | 0.34–1.18 | 0.95 | 0.57–1.59 | 1.20 | 0.89–2.19 | 1.07 | 0.68–1.69 |
| 46+ | 0.48* | 0.28–0.82 | 0.90 | 0.57–1.41 | 1.08 | 0.72–1.62 | 0.95 | 0.64–1.41 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 1.01 | 0.76–1.32 | 0.69* | 0.55–0.88 | 0.87 | 0.71–1.12 | 1.20 | 0.96–1.51 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Urban | 0.63* | 0.41–0.98 | 0.44* | 0.29–0.65 | 1.19 | 0.88–1.64 | 0.98 | 0.72–1.32 |
| Semi-urban | 0.61 | 0.36–1.03 | 0.58* | 0.36–0.93 | 1.01 | 0.69–1.47 | 1.14 | 0.78–1.65 |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Muslim | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Non-Muslim | 1.13 | 0.72–1.76 | 1.02 | 0.70–1.49 | 1.14 | 0.79–1.64 | 1.29 | 0.90–1.83 |
| Educational Status | ||||||||
| No or primary education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| SSC/HSC | 1.06 | 0.74–1.52 | 1.26 | 0.91–1.76 | 1.05 | 0.77–1.42 | 0.78 | 0.57–1.06 |
| Graduate | 1.65* | 1.00–2.57 | 1.39 | 0.98–1.98 | 1.45* | 1.05–2.01 | 0.81 | 0.59–1.12 |
| Post graduate | 1.61 | 1.00–2.58 | 1.31 | 0.87–1.97 | 1.82* | 1.21–2.73 | 1.04 | 0.70–1.55 |
| Employment Status | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Employed | 1.17 | 0.67–2.02 | 1.80* | 1.11–2.91 | 0.94 | 0.57–1.54 | 0.68 | 0.40–1.14 |
| Others | 0.81 | 0.47–1.39 | 1.46 | 0.91–2.34 | 0.86 | 0.53–1.40 | 0.49* | 0.29–0.83 |
| Monthly Family Income in BDT ($USD) | ||||||||
| <20000 (<$236) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 20000–40000 ($236 - $472) | 1.55* | 1.15–2.09 | 2.03* | 1.54–2.67 | 3.01* | 2.36–3.85 | 1.85* | 1.47–2.33 |
| 40000–60000 ($472 - $708) | 1.31 | 0.92–1.89 | 1.65* | 1.18–2.29 | 2.34* | 1.73–3.17 | 3.20* | 2.35–4.35 |
| 60000+ ($708+) | 2.02* | 1.34–3.06 | 1.34 | 0.96–1.88 | 3.37* | 2.40–4.74 | 5.65* | 3.94–8.11 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Married | 1.39 | 0.90–2.17 | 0.83 | 0.56–1.23 | 0.95 | 0.67–1.34 | 1.04 | 0.76–1.45 |
| Divorced/ widowed | 1.32 | 0.62–2.81 | 0.46 | 0.24–0.90 | 1.07 | 0.55–2.08 | 1.21 | 0.61–2.41 |
| Health care worker | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.32 | 0.80–2.18 | 1.02 | 0.71–1.46 | 0.95 | 0.67–1.34 | 0.94 | 0.67–1.32 |
| Admission to hospital due to COVID-19 | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 0.53* | 0.41–0.69 | 0.67* | 0.53–0.85 | 0.68* | 0.55–0.86 | 0.94 | 0.67–1.32 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Current smoker | 1.08 | 0.80–1.45 | 0.72* | 0.56–0.93 | 0.91 | 0.71–1.15 | 1.08 | 0.85–1.35 |
| Past smoker | 1.77* | 1.22–2.58 | 1.70* | 1.88–2.44 | 1.56* | 1.14–2.13 | 3.67* | 2.60–5.18 |
| Chronic disease | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1 | 0.51* | 0.37–0.70 | 0.63* | 0.48–0.83 | 0.61* | 0.47–0.79 | 0.93 | 0.72–1.16 |
| 2 | 0.39* | 0.26–0.59 | 0.36* | 0.25–0.53 | 0.50* | 0.34–0.74 | 0.90 | 0.60–1.34 |
| 3+ | 0.31* | 0.21–0.44 | 0.18* | 0.13–0.25 | 0.19* | 0.14–0.26 | 0.31* | 0.23–0.43 |
| Duration† (days) | 1.009* | 1.007–1.011 | 0.997* | 0.995–0.999 | 1.002* | 1.000–1.003 | 1.002* | 1.001–1.004 |
*p <0.05
†The time (in days) passed between confirmation of COVID-19 and the date of interview.