Table 1:
Baseline characteristics by CS Type
| n (%) unless otherwise noted |
De Novo HF-CS N=370 |
Acute-on-Chronic HF- CS N=1035 |
P-value* | AMI-CS N=688 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, median (25th-75th), y | 61.0 (50.0-70.0) | 62.0 (53.0-71.0) | 0.11 | 67.0 (58.0-76.0) |
| Female sex | 138 (37.3%) | 326 (31.5%) | 0.04 | 223 (32.4%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.41 | |||
| White | 227 (61.4%) | 605 (58.5%) | 433 (62.9%) | |
| Black | 84 (22.7%) | 274 (26.5%) | 78 (11.3%) | |
| Other | 59 (15.9%) | 156 (15.1%) | 177 (25.7%) | |
| BMI, median (25th-75th), kg/m 2 | 27.8 (24.0-32.1) | 27.5 (23.4-32.1) | 0.76 | 27.8 (24.4-31.6) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Current Smoker | 66 (17.8%) | 115 (11.3%) | <0.01 | 158 (23.0%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 102 (27.6%) | 388 (37.5%) | <0.01 | 311 (45.2%) |
| Hypertension | 181 (48.9%) | 573 (55.4%) | 0.03 | 474 (68.9%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 97 (26.2%) | 449 (43.4%) | <0.01 | 258 (37.5%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 22 (5.9%) | 111 (10.7%) | 0.01 | 63 (9.2%) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 22 (5.9%) | 88 (8.5%) | 0.12 | 71 (10.3%) |
| Active cancer | 35 (9.5%) | 60 (5.8%) | 0.02 | 44 (6.4%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 64 (17.3%) | 444 (42.9%) | <0.01 | 80 (11.6%) |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 14 (3.8%) | 184 (17.8%) | <0.01 | 19 (2.8%) |
| Severe valvular disease | 28 (7.6%) | 222 (21.4%) | <0.01 | 40 (5.8%) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 29 (7.8%) | 131 (12.7%) | 0.01 | 11 (1.6%) |
| Congenital heart disease | 11 (3.0%) | 27 (2.6%) | 0.71 | 5 (0.7%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 50 (13.5%) | 433 (41.8%) | <0.01 | 130 (18.9%) |
| On dialysis | 10 (20.0%) | 43 (9.9%) | 0.03 | 29 (22.3%) |
| Pulmonary disease | 47 (12.7%) | 181 (17.5%) | 0.03 | 75 (10.9%) |
| Liver disease | 5 (1.4%) | 49 (4.7%) | <0.01 | 9 (1.3%) |
| Shock Presentation | ||||
| Presentation LVEF | <0.01 | |||
| <20% | 145 (39.2%) | 518 (50.1%) | 152 (22.1%) | |
| 20-<30% | 70 (18.9%) | 285 (27.6%) | 189 (27.5%) | |
| 30-<40% | 44 (11.9%) | 88 (8.5%) | 118 (17.2%) | |
| 40-<50% | 24 (6.5%) | 28 (2.7%) | 84 (12.2%) | |
| ≥50% | 68 (18.4%) | 73 (7.1%) | 79 (11.5%) | |
| Unknown | 19 (5.1%) | 43 (4.2%) | 66 (9.6%) | |
*
P-value indicates the comparison between de novo HF-CS and acute-on-chronic HF-CS
LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; ED= emergency department; HF-CS = Heart failure associated cardiogenic shock; AMI-CS = acute myocardial infarction related cardiogenic shock