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. 2021 Oct 13;7(42):eabg6467. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6467

Fig. 2. Mechanical characterization of normal and HRAS-transformed MCF10A tissues.

Fig. 2.

Overlays of traction-force vectors (A and B) and traction-force magnitude maps (D and E) on phase contrast images of confined MCF10A epithelia. (A and D) Representative nontransformed epithelium at t = 19 hours. (B and E) Representative HRAS-transformed epithelium at t = 45 hours. (C) Schematic representing the whole epithelial domain along with its outer and inner subdomains. (F and G) Kymographs of the radial (perpendicular) component of the traction field T⊥: (F) for a representative nontransformed MCF10A epithelium and (G) for a representative HRAS-transformed MCF10A epithelium. White lines represent the average evolution of the edge of the island in time, the center of the island colocalizing with the bottom of the graph. A negative component T⊥ (red) means that the corresponding traction-force vector is oriented toward the exterior of the epithelial domain’s edge, whereas a positive component T⊥ (green) is indicative of traction-force orientation toward the interior of the epithelial domain’s edge. (H to M) Time evolution of magnitudes and components of the traction-force field in the whole epithelial domain (blue) and in the inner (orange) and outer (green) epithelial subdomains. (H and K) Time evolution of the average traction field ± magnitude for (H) nontransformed epithelia and (K) HRAS-transformed epithelia. Time evolution of the average traction force components: (I and L) perpendicular to the epithelial domain’s edge (T⊥) for (I) nontransformed and (L) HRAS-transformed epithelia and (J and M) tangential to the epithelial domain’s edge (T∥) for (J) nontransformed and (M) HRAS-transformed epithelia. (H to M) Statistics over 15 nontransformed epithelia and 16 HRAS-transformed epithelia from at least four independent experiment repeats. Each epithelium was imaged for at least 50 hours. Median over each epithelial domain at each time point of its evolution. Time evolution graphs represent means ± SEM of medians at each time point. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest, *P < 0.05.