Table 1.
Characteristics of people with HIV with and without SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, hospitalisation, and death
| People living with HIV (n=13 142) | SARS-CoV-2 negative (n=12 393) | SARS-CoV-2 positive (n=749) | Hospital admission (n=103) | Death (n=13) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex* | ||||||
| Male | 10 739 (81·7%) | 10 121 (81·7%) | 618 (82·5%) | 81 (78·6%) | 10 (76·9%) | |
| Female | 2402 (18·3%) | 2271 (18·2%) | 131 (17·5%) | 22 (21·4%) | 3 (23·1%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Age, years† | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 47·6 (39·6–54·9) | 47·8 (39·8–55·0) | 43·5 (37·0–52·7) | 52·3 (43·4–59·8) | 60·2 (53·6–67·5) | |
| 16–39 | 3442 (26·2%) | 3181 (25·7%) | 261 (34·9%) | 16 (15·5%) | 1 (7·7%) | |
| 40–64 | 8870 (67·5%) | 8426 (68·0%) | 444 (59·3%) | 71 (68·9%) | 7 (53·9%) | |
| 65–74 | 643 (4·9%) | 610 (4·9%) | 33 (4·4%) | 10 (9·7%) | 3 (23·1%) | |
| ≥75 | 187 (1·4%) | 176 (1·4%) | 11 (1·5%) | 6 (5·8%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Place of birth‡ | ||||||
| Spain | 8564 (65·2%) | 8162 (65·9%) | 402 (53·7%) | 59 (57·3%) | 11 (84·6%) | |
| Outside Spain | 4576 (34·8%) | 4229 (34·1%) | 347 (46·3%) | 44 (42·7%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (<0·1%) | 2 (<0·1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| Least deprived | 6377 (48·5%) | 6004 (48·5%) | 373 (49·8%) | 54 (52·4%) | 5 (38·5%) | |
| Mildly deprived | 2523 (19·2%) | 2409 (19·4%) | 114 (15·2%) | 12 (11·7%) | 3 (23·1%) | |
| Most deprived | 3941 (30·0%) | 3696 (29·8%) | 245 (32·7%) | 34 (33·0%) | 5 (38·5%) | |
| Missing | 301 (2·3%) | 284 (2·3%) | 17 (2·3%) | 3 (2·9%) | 0 | |
| HIV transmission route | ||||||
| PWID | 1876 (14·3%) | 1817 (14·7%) | 59 (7·9%) | 19 (18·5%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| MSM | 6870 (52·3%) | 6425 (51·8%) | 445 (59·4%) | 48 (46·6%) | 4 (30·8%) | |
| Male heterosexual | 1768 (13·5%) | 1680 (13·6%) | 88 (11·8%) | 14 (13·6%) | 4 (30·8%) | |
| Female heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual | 1714 (13·0%) | 1609 (13·0%) | 105 (14·0%) | 15 (14·6%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Other | 787 (6·0%) | 741 (6·0%) | 46 (6·1%) | 7 (6·8%) | 1 (7·7%) | |
| Missing | 127 (1·0%) | 121 (1·0%) | 6 (0·8%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 12·0 (7·0–18·7) | 12·1 (7·1–18·9) | 10·3 (6·1–15·7) | 14·4 (9·4–20·7) | 17·4 (12·7–21·7) | |
| CD4 count (cells per μL) | ||||||
| <200 | 413 (3·1%) | 388 (3·1%) | 25 (3·3%) | 8 (7·8%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| 200–499 | 2716 (20·7%) | 2552 (20·6%) | 164 (21·9%) | 30 (29·1%) | 6 (46·2%) | |
| ≥500 | 9451 (71·9%) | 8922 (72·0%) | 529 (70·6%) | 60 (58·3%) | 5 (38·5%) | |
| Missing | 562 (4·3%) | 531 (4·3%) | 31 (4·1%) | 5 (4·9%) | 0 | |
| Median (IQR) | 692·5 (500·0–917·0) | 692·0 (500·0–917·0) | 695·5 (483·5–912·3) | 611·0 (387·5–865·8) | 469·0 (250·0–587·0) | |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 0·9 (0·6–1·2) | 0·9 (0·6–1·2) | 0·9 (0·6–1·2) | 0·8 (0·6–1·1) | 0·7 (0·5–1·0) | |
| Plasma HIV RNA viral load | ||||||
| Detectable | 1068 (8·1%) | 1017 (8·2%) | 51 (6·8%) | 14 (13·6%) | 1 (7·7%) | |
| Undetectable | 10758 (81·9%) | 10136 (81·8%) | 622 (83·0%) | 76 (73·8%) | 10 (76·9%) | |
| Missing | 1316 (10·0%) | 1240 (10·0%) | 76 (10·2%) | 13 (12·6%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Number of chronic comorbidities | ||||||
| 0 | 4489 (34·2%) | 4231 (34·1%) | 258 (34·5%) | 5 (4·9%) | 0 | |
| 1 | 3434 (26·2%) | 3247 (26·2%) | 187 (25·0%) | 21 (20·4%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| 2 | 2244 (17·1%) | 2106 (17·0%) | 138 (18·4%) | 19 (18·5%) | 1 (7·7%) | |
| 3 | 1325 (10·1%) | 1253 (10·1%) | 72 (9·6%) | 22 (21·4%) | 3 (23·1%) | |
| ≥4 | 1650 (12·6%) | 1556 (12·6%) | 94 (12·6%) | 36 (35·0%) | 7 (53·9%) | |
| Type of chronic comorbidities | ||||||
| Respiratory disease | 1665 (12·7%) | 1553 (12·5%) | 112 (15·0%) | 33 (32·0%) | 6 (46·2%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1912 (14·6%) | 1800 (14·5%) | 112 (15·0%) | 31 (30·1%) | 4 (30·8%) | |
| Autoimmune disease | 1376 (10·5%) | 1282 (10·3%) | 94 (12·6%) | 22 (21·4%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 569 (4·3%) | 535 (4·3%) | 34 (4·6%) | 9 (8·7%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Chronic liver disease | 2144 (16·3%) | 2038 (16·4%) | 106 (14·2%) | 33 (32·0%) | 4 (30·7%) | |
| Neuropsychiatric | 3458 (26·3%) | 3272 (26·4%) | 186 (24·8%) | 48 (46·6%) | 10 (76·9%) | |
| Diabetes (any type) | 741 (5·6%) | 706 (5·7%) | 35 (4·7%) | 11 (10·7%) | 0 | |
| Metabolic disease | 2945 (22·4%) | 2781 (22·4%) | 164 (22·0%) | 53 (51·5%) | 5 (38·5%) | |
| Cancer | 1198 (9·1%) | 1133 (9·1%) | 65 (8·7%) | 15 (14·6%) | 5 (38·5%) | |
| Hypertension | 2752 (20·9%) | 2585 (20·9%) | 167 (22·3%) | 42 (40·8%) | 6 (46·2%) | |
| Obesity | 1114 (8·5%) | 1042 (8·4%) | 72 (9·6%) | 19 (18·5%) | 0 | |
| Years on ART§ | 9·4 (5·1–15·0) | 9·5 (5·1–15·2) | 7·8 (4·6–12·9) | 11·7 (6·9–17·7) | 15·4 (11·2–17·1) | |
| Backbone ART | ||||||
| Tenofovir alafenamide | 6606 (50·3%) | 6215 (50·2%) | 391 (52·2%) | 57 (55·3%) | 7 (53·9%) | |
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 939 (7·2%) | 891 (7·2%) | 48 (6·4%) | 7 (6·8%) | 0 | |
| Abacavir plus lamivudine | 3820 (29·1%) | 3594 (29·0%) | 226 (30·2%) | 26 (25·2%) | 3 (23·1%) | |
| Other | 670 (5·1%) | 630 (5·1%) | 40 (5·3%) | 6 (5·8%) | 1 (7·7%) | |
| Missing | 1107 (8·4%) | 1063 (8·6%) | 44 (5·9%) | 7 (6·8%) | 2 (15·4%) | |
| Third ART | ||||||
| Integrase inhibitors | 8048 (61·2%) | 7565 (61·0%) | 483 (64·5%) | 57 (55·3%) | 7 (53·9%) | |
| Protease inhibitors | 2699 (20·5%) | 2574 (20·8%) | 125 (16·7%) | 29 (28·2%) | 3 (23·1%) | |
| NNRTIs | 3167 (24·1%) | 2993 (24·4%) | 174 (23·2%) | 28 (27·2%) | 4 (30·8%) | |
| Other | 68 (0·5%) | 66 (0·5%) | 2 (0·3%) | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | |
| Missing | 255 (1·9%) | 244 (2·0%) | 11 (1·5%) | 1 (1·0%) | 0 | |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). ART=antiretroviral therapy. MSM=men who have sex with men. NNRTI=non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. PWID=people who inject drugs.
*
Sex at birth as registered in the health registries of the participating hospitals was used. One participant in the overall cohort had unknown sex.
†
Age for all patients was as at Feb 1, 2020.
‡
Country of origin was as indicated by the Public Data Analysis for Health Research and Innovation Program of Catalonia, recorded as Spanish or non-Spanish.
§
Years on ART was defined as the difference in time between the first treatment administration date to the latest treatment date or the latest hospital visit if the latest treatment date was missing.