Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical data. Data expressed as means and standard deviations (SD), or frequencies. The number of respondents is indicated as “N”.
| N | Mean (SD) or frequency | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 292 | Females = 67.1%, Males = 32.9% |
| Age | 292 | 37.74 (14.23) |
| Years of education (from primary school) | 287 | 16.99 (4.21) |
| Employment status before COVID-19 | 290 | Full time = 42.8% Part-time = 8.3% Self-employed = 14.1% Unemployed = 8.3% Student = 22.1% Retired = 4.5% |
| Employment status during COVID-19 | 291 | Not working due to COVID-19/with a salary = 7.2% Not working due to COVID-19/no salary = 8.9% Smart working = 38.8% Studying at home = 20.6% Unemployed = 7.2% Receiving benefits = 6.9% Other = 10.3% |
| Self-isolation because of COVID-19 | 291 | No = 43.0%, Yes = 57.0% |
| Duration of self-isolation | 166 | Less than a week = 0% A week = 0% Two weeks = 2.4% Three-four weeks = 31.3% Five-six weeks = 44.0% Seven-eight weeks = 13.9% More than eight weeks = 8.4% |
| Living with | 290 | Family = 84.2% Flatmates/friends = 5.5% Alone = 9.6% |
| Lifetime history of mental health difficulties? | 290 | No = 62.1%, Yes = 37.9% |
| Type of mental health difficulties in the past | 120 | Depression = 30.0% Anxiety = 48.3% Eating Disorders = 12.5% Psychosis = 1.7% Other = 7.5% |
| Psychiatric diagnosis of mental health disorder in the past | 240 | No = 91.3%, Yes = 8.8% |
| Type of diagnosis | 19 | Anxiety = 3.1% Mood disorders = 2.4% Anorexia Nervosa = 0.3% Personality disorders = 0.3% Other = 0.3% |
| Current mental health problems | 280 | No = 71.1%, Yes = 28.9% |
| Type of current mental health problems | 95 | Depression = 20.0% Anxiety = 54.7%% Eating Disorders = 12.6% Psychosis = 1.1% Other = 11.6% |
| Mental health problems triggered by COVID-19 | 166 | No = 75.9%, Yes = 24.1% |
| Mental health problems exacerbated by COVID-19 | 169 | No = 53.8%, Yes = 46.2% |
| Currently taking psychiatric medication | 270 | No = 95.9%, Yes = 4.1% |
| Type of psychiatric medication | 11 | Anxiolytics = 1.4% Antidepressants = 2.1% Other = 0.3% |
| Current medical condition | 283 | No = 78.4%, Yes = 21.6% |
| Type of medical condition | 67 | Cardiovascular disease = 17.9% Diabetes = 1.5% Obesity = 9.0% Physical impairment = 1.5% Cancer = 1.5% Congenital disorders = 7.5% Inflammatory/immune system diseases = 14.9% Neurological diseases = 3.0% Other = 43.3% |
| Medical condition triggered by COVID-19 | 147 | No = 98.0%, Yes = 2.0% |
| Medical condition exacerbated by COVID-19 | 195 | No = 72.8%, Yes = 27.2% |
| Medication for medical condition | 274 | No = 77.4%, Yes = 22.6% |
| Smoking | 288 | No = 69.4%, Yes = 30.6% |
| Number of cigarettes/day now | 91 | Ten or more than ten = 14.0% Less than ten = 15.1% |
| Number of cigarettes/day before COVID-19 | 91 | Ten or more than ten = 13.4% Less than ten = 15.8% Electronic cigarette = 0.3% |
| Increase in number of cigarettes since COVID-19 | 91 | No = 74.7%, Yes = 25.3% |
| Alcohol consumption | 287 | No = 39.4%, Yes = 60.6% |
| Weekly consumption of alcohol now | 178 | One-two glasses = 56.2% Three-four glasses = 18.0% Five-six glasses = 8.4% Six-eight glasses = 9.6% More than eight glasses = 7.9% |
| Weekly consumption of alcohol before COVID-19 | 190 | One-two glasses = 46.3% Three-four glasses = 24.7% Five-six glasses = 11.6% Six-eight glasses = 8.9% More than eight glasses = 8.4% |
| Increase in alcohol consumption since COVID-19 | 191 | No = 91.1%, Yes = 8.9% |
| Currently eating more than expected from someone of same age and gender | 291 | No = 56.7%, Yes = 43.3% |
| Overeating as a consequence of negative emotions (e.g. feelings of loneliness, sadness, frustration, anger)? | 186 | No = 60.8%, Yes = 39.2% |
| Frequency of overeating | 130 | More than once a day = 17.7% Once/day = 21.5% At least three-four times/week = 19.2% Once/week = 22.3% Two-three times/month = 11.5% Once/month = 0.8% Less than once/month = 6.9% |
| Overeating triggered by COVID-19 | 185 | No = 64.9%, Yes = 35.1% |
| Overeating exacerbated by COVID-19 | 208 | No = 48.1%, Yes = 51.9% |
| Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Reappraisal | 291 | 29.28 (5.50), Range (12–42) |
| Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Suppression | 291 | 13.19 (4.98), Range (4–26) |
| Negative mood | 291 | 6.85 (2.12), Range (2–13) |
| Unhelpful habits | 291 | 5.64 (1.93), Range (3–14) |
| Resilience | 291 | 11.31 (2.56), Range (4–18) |
| Psychiatric/psychological vulnerability | 281 | No = 53.0% Yes = 47.0% |