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. 2021 Oct 6;2021:4061525. doi: 10.1155/2021/4061525

Table 1.

Examples of DNA methylation with cancer metastasis.

Gene name DNA methylation location/level Cancer types Samples Refs
POPDC1, POP1 Promoter, hypermethylation Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), adenomatous polyps Human tissues, CRC cell lines, athymic mice [64]

Akr1b1, Hoxb4, Rasgrf2, Rassf1, Hist1h3c, Tm6sf1 High cumulative methylation index Breast cancer Serum, 182 women [20]

IRX1 Hypomethylation Osteosarcoma 2 cell lines, serum from 67 primary osteosarcoma [21]

Genome-scale analyses of DNA methylation High consistency of hypermethylation across metastases Lethal metastatic prostate cancer Tissue, 71 specimens from each of 13 subjects [65]

2481 differentially methylated regions CpG island, flanking regions, and CpG sparse promoters Prostate cancer 17 tissues, 6 cell lines [66]

HOP homeobox HOPX Promoter, hypermethylation Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 443 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NPC tissues, 5 human NPC cell lines [67]

47 genes (RDBP), 48 CpGs significant association Hypermethylation Pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma 310 tumors were obtained from patients, 67 with metastases [68]