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. 2021 Oct 14;7(10):e08174. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08174

Table 6.

Association of Ramadan and Covid-19 related personal variables with knowledge & attitude category regarding COVID-19 risk of infection and vaccination during Ramadan.

Variables Knowledge Category
OR
(95% CI)
Attitude Category
OR
(95% CI)
Good (≥5) Poor (≤4) Good (≥5) Poor (≤4)
Fasting history this Ramadan
Yes 336 (73.2%) 123 (26.8%) 1.25 (0.58–2.69) 355 (77.3%) 104 (22.7%) 0.85 (0.39–1.85)
No 28 (65.1%) 15 (34.9%) Reference 28 (65.1%) 15 (34.9%) Reference
Has completed 30 days of fasting last Ramadan
Yes 271 (77.7%) 78 (22.3%) 0.42 (0.27–0.68) 275 (78.8%) 74 (21.2%) 0.68 (0.41–1.11)
No 93 (60.8%) 60 (39.2%) Reference 108 (70.6%) 45 (29.4%) Reference
Currently Smoking
Yes 47 (69.1%) 21 (30.9%) 1.45 (0.78–2.67) 43 (63.2%) 25 (36.8%) 2.48 (1.36–4.50)
No 317 (73.0%) 117 (27.0%) Reference 340 (78.3%) 94 (21.7%) Reference
Recently went for Covid-19 testing
Yes 92 (87.6%) 13 (12.4%) 0.53 (0.27–1.03) 93 (88.6%) 12 (11.4%) 0.56 (0.28–1.11)
No 272 (68.5%) 125 (31.5%) Reference 290 (73.0%) 107 (27.0%) Reference
Diagnosed with Covid-19 within a couple of months
Yes 38 (92.7%) 3 (7.3%) 0.28 (0.08–0.99) 38 (92.7%) 3 (7.3%) 0.36 (0.10–1.29)
No 326 (70.7%) 135 (29.3%) Reference 345 (74.8%) 116 (25.2%) Reference
Heard that Covid 19 vaccine has been started
Yes 343 (75.6%) 111 (24.4%) 0.31 (0.16–0.59) 361 (79.5%) 93 (20.5%) 0.27 (0.14–0.51)
No 21 (43.8%) 27 (56.3%) Reference 22 (45.8%) 26 (54.2%) Reference
Has taken at least one dose of the Covid-19 vaccine
Yes 142 (88.2%) 19 (11.8%) 0.35 (0.20–0.61) 144 (89.4%) 17 (10.6%) 0.38 (0.21–0.68)
No 222 (65.1%) 119 (34.9%) Reference 239 (70.1%) 102 (29.9%) Reference