Table 1.

Summary of similarities and differences in published nanobodies

Nanobody	Method	Neutralizing pseudovirus (IC50)	Affinity to RBD	Function	References
VHH-E	Immunized phage display library	60 nM	1.86 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/prevent the emergence of viral escape mutants	[90]
Nb11-59	Immunized phage display library	36.7 nM	21 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/high binding activity to the RBD	[34]
Sybody (n3021)	Ribosome and phage display	–	0.63 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/binding to the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein	[91]
Sybody (MR3)	Ribosome and phage display	40 nM	24.22 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction	[92]
Nb6	yeast surface-displayed library	2 uM	210 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/Binding Spike in a fully inactive conformation with its receptor binding domains	[93]
H11-D4	naive llama single-domain antibody library	–	39 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/Binding to all three RBDs in the spike trimer	[94]
H11-H4	naive llama single-domain antibody library	–	12 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/Binding to all three RBDs in the spike trimer	[94]
Ty1	Immunized phage display library	54 nM	5–10 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/Binding to the RBD with high affinity	[95]
Nbs 89	Immune library and MS proteomic	0.133 nM	108 pM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/inhibit viral infection	[96]
WNb	Immunized phage display library	–	≤ 80 nM	Blocking RBD-ACE2 interaction/neutralize both wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and the N501Y D614G variant	[4]