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Summary of stroke pathophysiology. Interruption of blood flow leads to neural cell death which release DAMPs to activate microglia and astrocytes which secreting cytokines. Then pericyte was degenerated and endothelial tight junctions were lost, leading to BBB leakage. Further, monocyte, leukocyte, and neutrophil infiltration from blood exacerbated neural cell death and demyelination.
