Table 2.

Different mechanisms employed by Phomopsis liquidambari for increasing nutrient uptake in plants.

Host plant	Alteration in nutrient absorption	Underlying physiological mechanism	References
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)	Increased N acquisition and metabolism especially under low N condition	(i) Increase NO3− and NH4+ absorption and NR and GS activity	Yang et al., 2014
Rice	Improved N availability and utilization under low N conditions	(i) Enhance root development increasing IAA, CTK, ETH levels in plants.	Li et al., 2018
		(ii) Increase NR and GS activity.
		(iii) Upregulate N metabolism related genes (OsNR1, OsGS1, OsGS2, and OsNADH-GOGAT).
		(iv) Increase expression of ammonium and nitrate transporter genes.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)	Enhance Fe and Mo uptake	(i) Increase expression of Fe and Mo-related genes (AhFRO1, AhIRT1, and AhMOT1).	Su et al., 2019
		(ii) Produce low molecular weight organic acid which increase Fe and Mo availability in the rhizosphere by acting as a metal chelating agent.