Table 2.
Description of variables and descriptive statistics
| Variables | Description | Obs | Mean | Std.Dv | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFP | Ecological footprint (GFN) | 2398 | 2.827 | 2.238 | 0.481 | 16.965 |
| EOS | Ecological overshoot (GFN) | 2398 | .937 | 7.975 | − 14.856 | 69.202 |
| GDP | GDP growth rate per capita (WDI 2019) | 2420 | 2.433 | 4.13 | − 36.557 | 37.536 |
| GDP2 | The square of GDP per capita | 2420 | 22.97 | 64.152 | 1336.40 | 1408.916 |
| GDP3 | The cube of GDP per capita | 2420 | 121.18 | 1922.335 | − 48,854.57 | 52,884.402 |
| DINV | Gross domestic fixe capital formation % of GDP (WDI 2019) | 2420 | 22.47 | 7.541 | − 2.424 | 68.023 |
| FDI | Net foreign direct investment inflow % of GDP (WDI 2019) | 2420 | 3.892 | 5.372 | − 37.155 | 57.838 |
| POP | Annual population growth rate (WDI 2019) | 2420 | 1.645 | 1.47 | − 3.848 | 17.511 |
Obs, number of observations; Std.dv, standard deviation; Min, minimum value; Max, maximum value