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. 2021 Oct 14;29(11):16484–16502. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16821-y

Table 7.

Estimated results for the demand side

EFP 1 2 3 4 5 6
l. EFP

 − 0.1965***

[0.020]

 − 0.2076***

[0.021]

 − 0.2167***

[0.023]

 − 0.2092***

[0.023]

 − 0.2227***

[0.024]

 − 0.2532***

[0.026]

GDP

0.0230***

[0.004]

0.0277***

[0.005]

0.0333***

[0.010]

0.0258**

[0.010]

0.0202*

[0.011]

0.0301*

[0.015]

GDP2

 − 0.0012

[0.135]

 − 0.0041

[0.003]

 − 0.0033

[0.004]

 − 0.0030

[0.004]

 − 0.0049

[0.005]

GDP3

0.0003

[0.001]

0.0003

[0.001]

0.0006

[0.001]

0.0007

[0.001]

DINV

 − 0.0019

[0.007]

 − 0.0054

[0.008]

 − 0.0078

[0.008]

FDI

0.0040

[0.006]

0.0051

[0.006]

POP

 − 0.3796*

[0.149]

cons

0.1021***

[0.017]

0.1026***

[0.018]

0.0997***

[0.018]

0.0936***

[0.017]

0.1041***

[0.023]

0.1261***

[0.029]

obs 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180 2180
F-statistics

2.16

(0.00)

1.86

(0.00)

1.60

(0.00)

1.59

(0.00)

1.54

(0.00)

1.54

(0.00)

Rsqur 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.49
CD-stats

14.90

(0.000)

14.00

(0.000)

13.08

(0.000)

12.33

(0.000)

11.79

(0.000)

11.92

(0.000)

***1%, **5%, and *10%—significant levels. P-values are enclosed in parentheses. Standard errors are enclosed in square brackets