Table 1.
TIM-3 alteration in leukemias and reported correlations.
| Leukemia | Alteration | Reported Correlation |
|---|---|---|
| MDS | TIM-3 overexpression on CD4+ T cells | No published evidence |
| TIM-3 overexpression on CD8+ T cells | No published evidence | |
| TIM-3 overexpression on HSCs | Increase in WPSS score More than one lineage cytopenia Higher blast count in BM smear Higher risk for MDS transformation to leukemia |
|
| AML | TIM-3 overexpression on LSCs | Response to chemotherapy (?) |
| TIM-3 overexpression on CD4+ T cells | Higher in patients with FLT3-ITD mutation | |
| TIM-3 overexpression on CD8+ T cells | Higher in high-risk AML patients | |
| Increase in TIM-3+ PD-1+ T cells | Higher chance for leukemia relapse | |
| TIM-3 overexpression on regulatory T cells | Poor prognosis in patients with normal cytogenetics | |
| TIM-3 upregulation on NK cells | Better clinical outcome | |
| CML | Increase in proportion of PD-1+ TIM-3- CD8+ T cells | Poor response to TKI therapy |
| B-ALL | Overexpression of TIM-3 and PD-1 on T cells | Leukemia Relapse after allogenic HSCT (?) |
| Overexpression of TIM-3 on T cells | Prognostic risk factor for B-ALL relapse | |
| Overexpression of TIM-3 in BM and PBMC | No published evidence | |
| T-ALL | Expression of TIM-3 in leukemic cells | Positively related to chemoresistance |
| Overexpression of TIM-3 in BM and PBMC | No published evidence | |
| CLL | Increase in percentage and absolute count of TIM-3+ T cells | Positive correlation with advanced clinical stage |
| Overexpression of TIM-3 on NK cells of PB | Poor prognostic factor |
MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3; CD, cluster of differentiation; WPSS, WHO (world health organization) classification-based prognostic scoring system; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; BM, bone marrow; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; LSC, leukemia stem cell; FLT3-ITD, internal tandem duplications in the FLT3 tyrosine kinase; PD-1; progmammed cell death protein-1; NK cell, natural killer cell; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitors; B-ALL, acute lymphoblastic B-precursor leukemia; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; T-ALL, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CLL, chronic lymphoblastic leukemia; PB, peripheral blood.