Table 4.
Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal variables of interest that were not entered into the SuStaIn EBM algorithm according to groups (clusters) derived from the SuStaIn EBM algorithm
| Group 1 223 | Group 2 108 | Group 3 76 | Group 4 43 | P-value across groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis % C/SMC/EMCI/LMCI/Alzheimer’s disease | 26/3/37/24/10 | 21/6/44/17/12 | 37/3/46/14/0 | 2/0/44/42/12 | <0.001 |
| Stage % 0–1/2–3/4–5/6–7/8–10 | 47/14/10/13/17 | 36/20/21/10/12 | 33/32/14/3/18 | 42/26/26/2/5 | <0.001 |
| Age at baseline, years | 71.2 (7.0) | 72.5 (7.2) | 75.8 (6.2) | 71.4 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Male % | 48 | 65 | 54 | 44 | 0.018 |
| Education, years | 16.2 (2.5) | 16.6 (2.8) | 16.4 (2.4) | 15.6 (2.7) | 0.31a |
| History of hypertension % | 44 | 44 | 71 | 44 | <0.001 |
| Smoking never/previously/current % | 60/39/1 | 61/32/6 | 55/43/1 | 63/35/2 | 0.13 |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.6) | 27.7 (5.0)c | 26.8 (5.0) | 29.3 (6.5) | 0.046 |
| Percentage with diabetes | 9 | 10 | 7 | 16 | 0.38 |
| APOE ε4 carrier % | 49 | 34 | 46 | 28 | 0.010 |
| Geriatric depression score (GDS) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.7) | 0.06 |
| MMSE (pt/year) | −0.4 (2.0) | −0.3 (2.1) | −0.7 (1.5) | −0.2 (1.7) | 0.41 |
| Trails A (pt/year) | 2.5 (14.4) | 2.6 (13.8) | −0.1 (12.9) | −0.4 (13.0) | 0.33 |
| Trails B (pt/year) | 10.9 (37.6) | 10.9 (49.5) | 6.9 (51.9) | −1.6 (39.2) | 0.34 |
| LIMM (pt/year) | 0.4 (3.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 0.9 (2.8) | 1.7 (3.2) | 0.03 |
| Microbleeds % at least 1 | 11 | 19 | 26 | 7 | 0.004 |
| Brain volume, ml | 1064 (107) | 1087 (107) | 1072 (96) | 1065 (106) | 0.44b |
| Hippocampal volume, ml | 5.22 (0.82) | 5.36 (0.72) | 5.32 (0.66) | 5.23 (0.88) | 0.27b |
EMCI, Early Mild Cognitive Impairment; LIMM, logical memory immediate recall score; LMCI, Late Mild Cognitive Impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SMC, Subjective Memory Concern; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.
a
Adjusted for gender.
b
Adjusted for TIV, age and gender.
c
Data missing in one individual.