Table 3.
Change in glutathione levels from baseline to follow-up in placebo and CRWP groups.
| Glutathione levels: (nM/105 WBC) | Placebo (Mean + SEM) | CRWP (Mean + SEM) | Baseline placebo vs. baseline intervention | p-value of Δ vs. Δ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 24) | 12 weeks (n = 16) | Δ | p-value | Baseline (n = 20) | 12 weeks (n = 20) | Δ | p-value | |||
| tGSH | 104.2 ± 15.8 | 88.0 ± 12.8 | −16.22 | 0.50 | 113.1 ± 16.1 | 166.7 ± 37.2 | 53.6 | 0.17 | 0.77 | 0.02* |
| GSSG | 10.9 ± 1.57 | 8.99 ± 1.36 | −1.86 | 0.78 | 7.95 ± 1.34 | 12.88 ± 2.70 | 4.93 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.12 |
| GSH | 82.5 ± 13.9 | 66.3 ± 9.8 | −16.16 | 0.53 | 97.2 ± 15.0 | 136.0 ± 34.4 | 38.8 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 0.04* |
*
p-value <0.05.
CRWP, cysteine-rich whey protein; WBC, white blood cells; SEM, standard error of the mean; tGSH, total glutathione; GSSG, glutathione (inactive, oxidized form); GSH, glutathione (active, reduced form). Values are mean ± SEM.