Table 2.
Metabolic and AD-related Biomarkers
| Outcome | CH | MCI | MCI + Med | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.3 [9.0] | 93.3 [12.6] | 97.5 [10.9] | 0.181 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) | 13.4 [30.8] | 18.0 [44.3] | 10.3 [11.6] | 0.830 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186.5 [41.7] | 190.1 [38.1] | 186.5 [53.6] | 0.991 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 97.0 [53.2] | 85.9 [26.7] | 98.0 [51.0] | 0.770 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 64.8 [19.4] | 73.2 [15.6] | 59.5 [12.8] | 0.663 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 102.4 [35.0] | 99.8 [35.0] | 104.7 [46.8] | 0.792 |
| LDL/HDL (mg/dL) | 1.63 [0.52] | 1.42 [0.66] | 1.77 [0.80] | 0.747 |
| HOMA-IR (mg/dL) | 3.02 [6.9] | 4.37 [10.9] | 2.55 [3.0] | 0.813 |
| GFAP (pg/mL) | 167.4 [68.6] | 215.2 [75.8] | 232.7 [84.9] | 0.018+ |
| NFL (pg/mL) | 18.9 [7.20] | 26.3 [6.69] | 25.4 [6.43] | 0.007#,+ |
| Aβ 42:40 | 0.061 [0.009] | 0.053 [0.008] | 0.053 [0.009] | 0.029#,+ |
Fasting serum biomarker levels do not differ amongst groups. HDL; high density lipoprotein, LDL; low density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein, NFL; neurofilament light; Aβ 42:40; amyloid beta 42:40 ratio. Values are given as means [SD] and were assessed using ANCOVA. P < .05 #CH vs MCI, +CH vs MCI + med.