Figure 4.

Electrical characterization and stimulation of organoids

(A) Schematic of iN-VO electrical characterization via MEA recordings.

(B) Image of day 30 iN-VOs plated on microelectrode array (scale bars, 500 μm).

(C) Representative spike plots from MEA measurements of spontaneously firing iN-VOs and corresponding raster plot. Representative image and plot from two independent experiments.

(D) Schematic of iMB-VO in vitro maturation by electrical stimulation.

(E) qRT-PCR analysis of skeletal muscle myosins: MYH2, MYH3, MYH7, and MYH8, and genes involved in calcium handling, CASQ1, CASQ2, SERCA1, SERCA2, and RYR for stimulated versus unstimulated iMB-VOs. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 6 organoids, from two independent experiments). ^∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, and ^∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001; ns, not significant.