Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of sample with DNA methylation age acceleration measures at age 53 by sex (n=1376)
| Variable | Men | Women |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Chronological age (year) | 53.44 (0.16) | 53.45 (0.18) |
| Horvath DNAm age (year) | 50.69 (4.15) | 49.61 (3.86) |
| Hannum DNAm age (year) | 43.06 (4.28) | 41.61 (3.95) |
| PhenoAge (year) | 39.01 (5.59) | 38.94 (5.61) |
| GrimAge (year) | 57.99 (5.14) | 55.32 (4.81) |
| Horvath age difference* (year) | −2.76 (4.15) | −3.84 (3.86) |
| Hannum age difference* (year) | −10.38 (4.28) | −11.84 (3.95) |
| PhenoAge age difference* (year) | −14.43 (5.60) | −14.51 (5.60) |
| GrimAge age difference* (year) | 4.54 (5.14) | 1.87 (4.80) |
| Horvath age acceleration† (year) | 0.54 (4.15) | −0.54 (3.86) |
| Hannum age acceleration† (year) | 0.79 (4.28) | −0.66 (3.95) |
| PhenoAge age acceleration† (year) | 0.06 (5.59) | −0.02 (5.61) |
| GrimAge age acceleration† (year) | 1.40 (5.14) | −1.28 (4.79) |
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Childhood social class (age 4) | ||
| Professional | 36 (5.49) | 41 (5.69) |
| Intermediate | 115 (17.53) | 121 (16.81) |
| Skilled non-manual | 118 (17.99) | 130 (18.06) |
| Skilled manual | 203 (30.95) | 221 (30.69) |
| Partly skilled | 137 (20.88) | 145 (20.14) |
| Unskilled | 33 (5.03) | 40 (5.56) |
| Missing | 14 (2.13) | 22 (3.06) |
| Adults social class (age 53) | ||
| Professional | 76 (11.59) | 13 (1.81) |
| Intermediate | 258 (39.33) | 226 (31.39) |
| Skilled non-manual | 73 (11.13) | 232 (32.22) |
| Skilled manual | 165 (25.15) | 48 (6.67) |
| Partly skilled | 53 (8.08) | 103 (14.31) |
| Unskilled | 15 (2.29) | 43 (5.97) |
| Missing | 16 (2.44) | 55 (7.64) |
| Intergenerational social class change | ||
| Stable non-manual | 213 (32.47) | 231 (32.08) |
| Non-manual to manual | 49 (7.47) | 51 (7.08) |
| Manual to non-manual | 184 (28.05) | 229 (31.81) |
| Stable manual | 180 (27.44) | 136 (18.89) |
| Missing | 30 (4.57) | 73 (10.14) |
| Educational attainment (age 26) | ||
| Higher education | 93 (14.18) | 39 (5.42) |
| School post-16 | 193 (29.42) | 156 (21.67) |
| Vocational/school to 16 | 146 (22.26) | 251 (34.86) |
| No qualifications | 223 (33.99) | 260 (36.11) |
| Missing | 1 (0.15) | 14 (1.94) |
| Annual household income (age 53) | ||
| £45 000 or more | 73 (11.13) | 51 (7.08) |
| £35 000–£44 999 | 63 (9.60) | 54 (7.50) |
| £30 000–£34 999 | 103 (15.7) | 78 (10.83) |
| £25 000–£29 999 | 58 (8.84) | 59 (8.19) |
| £20 000–£24 999 | 99 (15.09) | 111 (15.42) |
| £15 000–£19 999 | 99 (15.09) | 95 (13.19) |
| £10 000–£14 999 | 82 (12.50) | 121 (16.81) |
| Less than £10 000 | 61 (9.30) | 108 (15.00) |
| Missing | 18 (2.74) | 43 (5.97) |
| Total | 656 | 720 |
*Difference between DNAm age and chronological age.
†The residual from regressing DNA age on chronological age.
DNAm, DNAm methylation.