Table 4.

Sex-adjusted regression models of the association of highest educational attainment (age 26) and household income (age 53) separately, with four DNA methylation AA markers measured at age 53 in men and women (n=1361 and 1315, respectively)

	Horvath AA	Hannum AA	PhenoAge AA	GrimAge AA
	Coeff. (95% CI)	Coeff. (95% CI)	Coeff. (95% CI)	Coeff. (95% CI)
Educational attainment
Higher education	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
School post16	−0.40 (−1.21 to 0.40)	0.24 (−0.59 to 1.07)	0.35 (−0.77 to 1.47)	1.45 (0.49 to 2.42)
Vocational/school to 16	−0.39 (−1.19 to 0.41)	0.70 (−0.12 to 1.53)	1.16 (0.05 to 2.28)	2.44 (1.47 to 3.40)
No qualifications	−0.28 (−1.06 to 0.49)	0.36 (−0.44 to 1.16)	1.21 (0.12 to 2.29)	4.06 (3.13 to 5.00)
P value for trend	0.80	0.38	0.01	<0.001
Household income
£45 000 or more	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
£35 000–£44 999	0.64 (−0.38 to 1.66)	0.74 (−0.30 to 1.77)	1.06 (−0.35 to 2.46)	1.32 (0.10 to 2.54)
£30 000–£34 999	0.28 (−0.65 to 1.20)	0.74 (−0.19 to 1.68)	0.74 (−0.52 to 2.01)	0.64 (−0.46 to 1.75)
£25 000–£29 999	0.53 (−0.49 to 1.55)	0.27 (−0.77 to 1.31)	−0.02 (−1.42 to 1.39)	0.16 (−1.06 to 1.38)
£20 000–£24 999	0.65 (−0.25 to 1.54)	0.87 (−0.04 to 1.79)	1.39 (0.16 to 2.62)	1.38 (0.30 to 2.45)
£15 000–£19 999	0.35 (−0.56 to 1.26)	0.96 (0.03 to 1.89)	1.79 (0.54 to 3.04)	2.59 (1.51 to 3.68)
£10 000–£14 999	0.17 (−0.73 to 1.08)	0.73 (−0.19 to 1.65)	1.48 (0.24 to 2.73)	2.53 (1.45 to 3.61)
Less than £10 000	0.69 (−0.25 to 1.63)	1.46 (0.50 to 2.41)	2.37 (1.07 to 3.66)	3.73 (2.60 to 4.86)
P value for trend	0.56	0.01	<0.001	<0.001*

*Test for heterogeneity across groups if evidence of deviation from linearity.

AA, age acceleration.