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. 2021 Sep 30;11:729756. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.729756

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Copyright © 2021 Guo, Lan, Wen, Zheng, Rong, Liu, Chen, Yang, Zheng and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Altered bacterial microbiota biodiversity and composition in HFMD based on whole cohort. (A–D) Alpha diversity. Comparison of alpha-diversity indices (Shannon, observed ASVs, PD whole tree and Chao 1 index) between the male HFMD and male control groups (Wilcoxon rank-sum tests). (E, F) Principal coordinate analysis based on unweighted and unweighted UniFrac distances revealed that the bacterial communities of patients with HFMD clustered separately from the bacterial communities of healthy control children. Each point represents a single sample, which is colored based on the group. PC1, PC2 and PC3 represent the top three principal coordinates that captured most of the diversity. The explanation of diversity captured by the coordinate is given as a percentage. (G) Relative abundance of the microbiota at genus level. (H) Differences in the bacterial taxon between patients with HMFD and control children. The beta coefficient was calculated with the multivariate association with linear models 2 (MaAsLin2) after adjusting for age and sex.