. 2021 Oct 14;13(1):e12239. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12239

TABLE 1.

Sample demographics and clinical characteristics, mean (SD)

	Military controls (n = 50)	TBI (n = 52)	F or χ²	P	Effect size
Age, years	67.5 (3.5)	68.9 (3.5)	4.3	.04^c	η_p ² = 0.04
Education, years	14.9 (2.1)	15.4 (2.5)	1.0	.31	η_p ² = 0.01
MMSE total score	28.4 (1.4)	28.3 (1.8)	0.1	.73	η_p ² = 0.001
Sex ^a , male	100%	98%	1.4	.24	φ = 0.09
APOE ε4 positivity ^b , yes	22%	23%	0.2	.89	φ = 0.01
Race ^a			2.6	.76	φ = 0.15
American Indian/Alaskan Native	2%	2%
Asian	2%	0%
Black	6%	4%
White	82%	90%
Multi‐racial	4%	2%
Unknown	4%	2%
Highest rank during military service ^a	–	–	4.2	.24	φ = 0.17
Enlisted	78%	75%
Warrant officer	0%	4%
Officer	22%	19%
Unknown	0%	2%
CSF markers
Aβ₄₂, pg/mL	1197.2(415.7)	1334.4(540.4)	2.9	.09	η_p ² = 0.03
Total tau, pg/mL	192.0 (57.1)	231.0 (84.5)	5.9	.02 ^c	η_p ² = 0.06
P‐tau, pg/mL	16.3 (5.4)	20.3 (8.2)	6.7	.01 ^c	η_p ² = 0.07
TBI injury characteristics
Total TBI count		1.4 (0.8), range 1 to 5
Time since last TBI, years		31.0 (18.8), range 0 to 65
% of individuals with mild versus moderate/severe for worst injury		63%, 37%
% of mild TBI group with a single versus multiple injuries		64% 36%
% of individuals that endorsed an injury that required hospitalization, Yes: No		54%, 46%
% of individuals that endorsed an injury that resulted in a LOC, Yes: No		69%, 31%
% of individuals that endorsed an injury that resulted in an AOC, Yes: No		85%, 15%
% of individuals that endorsed an injury that resulted in PTA, Yes: No		33%, 67%

Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; AOC, alteration of consciousness; APOE, apolipoprotein E; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; LOC, loss of consciousness; MC, military controls; MMSE, Mini‐Mental Status Examination; PTA, posttraumatic amnesia; SD, standard deviation; TBI, traumatic brain injury.

^{^a}

Denotes likelihood ratio.

^{^b}

Denotes chi‐squared test.

^{^c}

Denotes P < .05.