Table 5.
Secondary analyses: Individual dietary components and adjusted mean difference* in MRI measures
| Thalamic Volume | Lesion volume* | NAWM FA MD** | Gray matter volume | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile | Mean (SD) |
Beta** (95% CI) | Beta** (95% CI) | Beta** (95% CI) | Beta** (95% CI) | |
| Vegetables, servings per day | Q1 | 1.38 (0.42) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 2.71 (0.48) |
-177.32 (-943.15, 588.51) | -0.08 (-0.65, 0.50) | 0.05 (-0.34, 0.45) | -4.83 (-22.74, 13.07) | |
| Q3 | 4.42 (0.55) |
232.49 (-558.74, 1023.73) | -0.41 (-1.01, 0.18) | -0.00 (-0.41, 0.40) | 4.89 (-13.60, 23.39) | |
| Q4 | 8.47 (3.55) |
274.12 (-607.32, 1155.56) | -0.44 (-1.10, 0.22) | 0.23 (-0.22, 0.68) | 7.48 (-13.13, 28.09) | |
| P for Trend |
0.33 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.27 | ||
| Other vegetables, servings per day | Q1 | 0.87 (0.29) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 1.80 (0.31) |
660.17 (-112.11, 1432.46) | -0.20 (-0.78, 0.38) | 0.24 (-0.15, 0.64) | 9.03 (-9.11, 27.17) | |
| Q3 | 2.98 (0.40) |
886.53 (96.19, 1676.87) | -0.64 (-1.23, 0.05) | 0.28 (-0.12, 0.69) | 16.04 (-2.52, 34.61) | |
| Q4 | 5.82 (2.34) |
758.64 (-106.66, 1623.94) | -0.65 (-1.30, 0.00) | 0.53 (0.09, 0.97) | 18.96 (-1.37, 39.28) | |
| P for Trend |
0.17 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.07 | ||
| Fruits, servings per day | Q1 | 0.41 (0.17) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.94 (0.19) |
-442.97 (-1169.31, 283.37) | 0.20 (-0.34, 0.75) | -0.01 (-0.38, 0.36) | -1.41 (-18.47, 15.66) | |
| Q3 | 1.77 (0.28) |
-272.02 (-1027.84, 483.80) | 0.39 (-0.18, 0.96) | -0.02 (-0.41, 0.36) | -3.93 (-21.69, 13.83) | |
| Q4 | 3.57 (1.37) |
175.66 (-628.54, 979.86) | -0.02 (-0.63, 0.58) | 0.18 (-0.24, 0.59) | 7.65 (-11.25, 26.54) | |
| P for Trend |
0.42 | 0.89 | 0.39 | 0.41 | ||
| Whole grains, servings per day | Q1 | 0.13 (0.08) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.40 (0.10) |
539.74 (-179.70, 1259.19) | -0.19 (-0.73, 0.35) | 0.06 (-0.31, 0.42) | 4.80 (-12.03, 21.62) | |
| Q3 | 0.83 (0.15) |
629.98 (-117.79, 1377.74) | -0.64 (-1.20, -0.08) | 0.46 (0.08, 0.84) | 17.92 (0.43, 35.40) | |
| Q4 | 1.88 (0.77) |
720.17 (-69.05, 1509.38) | -0.30 (-0.89, 0.30) | 0.26 (-0.14, 0.66) | 6.39 (-12.06, 24.85) | |
| P for Trend |
0.12 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.44 | ||
| Low fat dairy, Servings per day | Q1 | 0.02 (0.04) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.25 (0.10) |
224.28 (-476.66, 925.22) | -0.26 (-0.78, 0.27) | 0.17 (-0.19, 0.53) | 3.27 (-13.11, 19.65) | |
| Q3 | 0.74 (0.18) |
110.91 (-581.14, 802.96) | -0.41 (-0.93, 0.10) | 0.08 (-0.28, 0.43) | 7.01 (-9.16, 23.18) | |
| Q4 | 2.16 (1.16) |
199.86 (-544.10, 943.83) | -0.34 (-0.90, 0.21) | 0.07 (-0.31, 0.45) | -0.89 (-18.27, 16.50) | |
| P for Trend |
0.72 | 0.24 | 0.91 | 0.94 | ||
| Full fat dairy, servings per day | Q1 | 0.14 (0.15) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.73 (0.19) |
303.61 (-455.57, 1062.79) | -0.38 (-0.94, 0.17) | 0.14 (-0.25, 0.53) | 12.42 (-5.32, 30.16) | |
| Q3 | 1.37 (0.19) |
18.76 (-733.30, 770.82) | -0.62 (-1.17,-0.07) | -0.01 (-0.40, 0.37) | 2.47 (-15.11, 20.04) | |
| Q4 | 2.70 (1.09) |
-207.42 (-997.66, 582.82) | -0.93 (-1.51, -0.35) | 0.18 (-0.23, 0.58) | 2.36 (-16.11, 20.83) | |
| P for Trend |
0.40 | 0.002 | 0.53 | 0.82 | ||
| Nuts, servings per day | Q1 | 0.03 (0.04) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.20 (0.04) |
419.50 (-289.47, 1128.47) | -0.00 (-0.54, 0.53) | -0.06 (-0.42, 0.30) | 8.91 (-7.66, 25.47) | |
| Q3 | 0.35 (0.07) |
-42.50 (-802.00, 716.99) | 0.19 (-0.39, 0.76) | 0.04 (-0.36, 0.43) | 0.40 (-17.35, 18.14) | |
| Q4 | 1.29 (1.09) |
262.17 (-524.37, 1048.71) | 0.32 (-0.27, 0.91) | -0.22 (-0.62, 0.19) | -4.71 (-23.09, 13.67) | |
| P for Trend |
0.66 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.4 | ||
| Red and processed meats, servings per day | Q1 | 0.15 (0.11) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.48 (0.08) |
0.33 (-0.39, 1.04) | -0.01 (-0.56, 0.53) | 0.07 (-0.30, 0.44) | 5.28 (-11.65, 22.20) | |
| Q3 | 0.78 (0.10) |
-0.21 (-0.93, 0.51) | -0.24 (-0.78, 0.31) | 0.13 (-0.25, 0.50) | 5.19 (-11.85, 22.23) | |
| Q4 | 1.62 (0.76) |
-0.14 (-0.88, 0.61) | -0.25 (-0.82, 0.32) | 0.14 (-0.25, 0.53) | -0.38 (-18.09, 17.33) | |
| P for Trend |
0.46 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.91 | ||
| Sweets/ desserts, servings per day | Q1 | 0.10 (0.08) |
0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] | 0.00 [ref] |
| Q2 | 0.34 (0.07) |
-35.37 (-752.25, 681.52) | -0.20 (-0.74, 0.34) | 0.12 (-0.24, 0.49) | 12.80 (-3.97, 29.58) | |
| Q3 | 0.62 (0.12) |
257.43 (-469.25, 984.12) | -0.06 (-0.61, 0.49) | 0.12 (-0.25, 0.49) | 9.71 (-7.29, 26.71) | |
| Q4 | 1.57 (1.04) |
-416.88 (-1190.90, 357.13) | -0.01 (-0.60, 0.58) | -0.11 (-0.51, 0.29) | 14.94 (-3.17, 33.05) | |
| P for Trend |
0.27 | 0.81 | 0.40 | 0.21 |
*
T2 lesion volume was log-transformed to improve normality; NAWM FA MD: Normal appearing white matter fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity.
**
Adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, physical activity, BMI, smoking status, disease duration, disease modifying therapy use and class, and total energy intake.